Add executorch-ubuntu-24.04-gcc14 docker image

[luhenry]

Summary

Simply add a docker build image based on ubuntu 24.04 with gcc 14. It's necessary for XNNPACK on riscv64 to have a newer toolchain, to support the latest features of the hardware (vectorization with RVV).

[pytorch-bot]

🔗 Helpful Links

🧪 See artifacts and rendered test results at hud.pytorch.org/pr/pytorch/executorch/19521

• 📄 Preview Python docs built from this PR

Note: Links to docs will display an error until the docs builds have been completed.

❗ 1 Active SEVs

There are 1 currently active SEVs. If your PR is affected, please view them below:

• Run pull jobs on OSDC in pull requests shadow mode

This comment was automatically generated by Dr. CI and updates every 15 minutes.

[luhenry]

cc @mergennachin @rascani

[github-actions]

This PR needs a release notes: label

If your change should be included in the release notes (i.e. would users of this library care about this change?), please use a label starting with release notes:. This helps us keep track and include your important work in the next release notes.

To add a label, you can comment to pytorchbot, for example
@pytorchbot label "release notes: none"

For more information, see
https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/wiki/PyTorch-AutoLabel-Bot#why-categorize-for-release-notes-and-how-does-it-work.