Support Adjoint symbolic rules in graph-decomposition

[maliasadi]

Context:
This PR adds support for the rules PL registers with the symbolic operator's arguments, i.e. self_adjoint(base), adjoint_rotation(base), and others rather than the base op's (*params, wires). Now, rules registered for Adjoint(Op) against the base op's parameters keep working:

import pennylane as qp
from catalyst.passes import graph_decomposition

class MyOp(qp.core.Operator2):
    def __init__(self, wires):
        super().__init__(wires=wires)


@qp.register_resources({qp.Hadamard: 1})
def my_op_decomp(wires):
    qp.Hadamard(wires=wires)


qp.add_decomps(MyOp, my_op_decomp)

@qp.register_resources({qp.Hadamard: 1})
def self_adjoint(base):
    """Decompose a symbolic operator to its base."""
    qp.apply(base)


qp.add_decomps("Adjoint(Hadamard)", self_adjoint)


@qp.qjit(target="mlir", capture=True)
@graph_decomposition(gate_set=["H"])
@qp.qnode(qp.device("lightning.qubit", wires=1))
def circuit(x: float):
    qp.adjoint(MyOp(0))
    return qp.expval(qp.Z(0))


# print(circuit.mlir)
print(qp.specs(circuit, level="all-mlir")(0.0))

Description of the Change:

Benefits:

Possible Drawbacks:

Related GitHub Issues:
[sc-130029]

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 98.73418% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 95.63%. Comparing base (c6aa156) to head (546c55d).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...tend/catalyst/decomposition/decomposition_rules.py	98.73%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #3204   +/-   ##
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  Coverage   95.63%   95.63%           
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  Files         177      177           
  Lines       20893    20947   +54     
  Branches     2105     2112    +7     
=======================================
+ Hits        19980    20033   +53     
  Misses        725      725           
- Partials      188      189    +1     

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[astralcai]

It took me a while to understand the overall structure of this decomposition_rule.py module, but everything finally makes sense to me.