Release reentrant device context

[w1ne]

Summary

• Remove the singleton device API path in favor of reentrant device contexts.
• Bind ISDU and Data Storage services to device-local parameter contexts.
• Keep Doxygen/format/static-analysis gates clean after the source rename from iolink_core.c to device.c.

Validation

• cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
• cmake --build build
• ctest --test-dir build --output-on-failure: 23/23 passed
• ./check_quality.sh: passed