Add Flask decorators for Cache-Control headers#36
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| def decorator(f): | ||
| @wraps(f) | ||
| def decorated_function(*args, **kwargs): | ||
| response = make_response(f(*args, **kwargs)) |
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Unsafe Usage of flask.make_response() with Unescaped Content (CWE-79)
More Details
The flask.make_response() function is used to create a response object without properly escaping the content. If the response contains user-supplied data or untrusted content, it can lead to a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability. XSS vulnerabilities allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages, which can lead to data theft, session hijacking, and other security risks.
When rendering HTML content, it is crucial to escape or sanitize any user-supplied data to prevent XSS attacks. Failing to do so can allow attackers to inject malicious scripts that will be executed in the user's browser, potentially compromising their data or session. The consequences of an XSS attack can be severe, including data theft, account takeover, and the spread of malware. To avoid this issue, use flask.render_template() for rendering HTML templates, as it automatically escapes user input. For returning data from an API, use flask.jsonify() instead.
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| Impact |  |
| Likelihood |  |
Remediation
The flask.make_response() function in Flask can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities if the response content is not properly sanitized or escaped. XSS vulnerabilities allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages, potentially compromising user data, hijacking sessions, or performing other malicious actions.
To fix this issue securely, you should avoid using flask.make_response() with untrusted or user-supplied data. Instead, use flask.render_template() for rendering HTML templates, as it automatically escapes user input to prevent XSS attacks. If you're returning data from an API, use flask.jsonify() to serialize data to JSON format.
Code examples
# VULNERABLE CODE - Directly passing user input to make_response() without sanitization
user_input = request.args.get('input')
response = flask.make_response(user_input)# SECURE CODE - Using render_template() to render HTML templates with automatic escaping
user_input = request.args.get('input')
response = flask.render_template('template.html', user_input=user_input)# SECURE CODE - Using jsonify() to return data from an API
data = {'key': request.args.get('input')}
response = flask.jsonify(data)Additional recommendations
- Follow the principle of least privilege and sanitize all user input before rendering or processing it.
- Implement input validation and output encoding to prevent injection attacks.
- Adhere to the OWASP Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS) for secure coding practices.
- Consider using Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to mitigate XSS risks further.
- Regularly update Flask and its dependencies to ensure you have the latest security patches.
Rule ID: WS-I013-PYTHON-00095
To ignore this finding as an exception, reply to this conversation with #wiz_ignore reason
If you'd like to ignore this finding in all future scans, add an exception in the .wiz file (learn more) or create an Ignore Rule (learn more).
To get more details on how to remediate this issue using AI, reply to this conversation with #wiz remediate
| def decorator(f): | ||
| @wraps(f) | ||
| def decorated_function(*args, **kwargs): | ||
| response = make_response(f(*args, **kwargs)) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Unsafe Usage of flask.make_response() with Unescaped Content (CWE-79)
More Details
The flask.make_response() function is used to create a response object without properly escaping the content. If the response contains user-supplied data or untrusted content, it can lead to a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability. XSS vulnerabilities allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages, which can lead to data theft, session hijacking, and other security risks.
When rendering HTML content, it is crucial to escape or sanitize any user-supplied data to prevent XSS attacks. Failing to do so can allow attackers to inject malicious scripts that will be executed in the user's browser, potentially compromising their data or session. The consequences of an XSS attack can be severe, including data theft, account takeover, and the spread of malware. To avoid this issue, use flask.render_template() for rendering HTML templates, as it automatically escapes user input. For returning data from an API, use flask.jsonify() instead.
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| Impact | |
| Likelihood | |
Remediation
The flask.make_response() function in Flask can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities if the response content is not properly sanitized or escaped. XSS vulnerabilities allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages, potentially compromising user data, hijacking sessions, or performing other malicious actions.
To fix this issue securely, you should avoid using flask.make_response() with untrusted or user-supplied data. Instead, use flask.render_template() for rendering HTML templates, as it automatically escapes user input to prevent XSS attacks. If you're returning data from an API, use flask.jsonify() to serialize data to JSON format.
Code examples
# VULNERABLE CODE - Directly passing user input to make_response() without sanitization
user_input = request.args.get('input')
response = flask.make_response(user_input)# SECURE CODE - Using render_template() to render HTML templates with automatic escaping
user_input = request.args.get('input')
response = flask.render_template('template.html', user_input=user_input)# SECURE CODE - Using jsonify() to return data from an API
data = {'key': request.args.get('input')}
response = flask.jsonify(data)Additional recommendations
- Follow the principle of least privilege and sanitize all user input before rendering or processing it.
- Implement input validation and output encoding to prevent injection attacks.
- Adhere to the OWASP Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS) for secure coding practices.
- Consider using Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to mitigate XSS risks further.
- Regularly update Flask and its dependencies to ensure you have the latest security patches.
Rule ID: WS-I013-PYTHON-00095
To ignore this finding as an exception, reply to this conversation with #wiz_ignore reason
If you'd like to ignore this finding in all future scans, add an exception in the .wiz file (learn more) or create an Ignore Rule (learn more).
To get more details on how to remediate this issue using AI, reply to this conversation with #wiz remediate
| def decorator(f): | ||
| @wraps(f) | ||
| def decorated_function(*args, **kwargs): | ||
| response = make_response(f(*args, **kwargs)) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Unsafe Usage of flask.make_response() with Unescaped Content (CWE-79)
More Details
The flask.make_response() function is used to create a response object without properly escaping the content. If the response contains user-supplied data or untrusted content, it can lead to a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability. XSS vulnerabilities allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages, which can lead to data theft, session hijacking, and other security risks.
When rendering HTML content, it is crucial to escape or sanitize any user-supplied data to prevent XSS attacks. Failing to do so can allow attackers to inject malicious scripts that will be executed in the user's browser, potentially compromising their data or session. The consequences of an XSS attack can be severe, including data theft, account takeover, and the spread of malware. To avoid this issue, use flask.render_template() for rendering HTML templates, as it automatically escapes user input. For returning data from an API, use flask.jsonify() instead.
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| Impact | |
| Likelihood | |
Remediation
The flask.make_response() function in Flask can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities if the response content is not properly sanitized or escaped. XSS vulnerabilities allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages, potentially compromising user data, hijacking sessions, or performing other malicious actions.
To fix this issue securely, you should avoid using flask.make_response() with untrusted or user-supplied data. Instead, use flask.render_template() for rendering HTML templates, as it automatically escapes user input to prevent XSS attacks. If you're returning data from an API, use flask.jsonify() to serialize data to JSON format.
Code examples
# VULNERABLE CODE - Directly passing user input to make_response() without sanitization
user_input = request.args.get('input')
response = flask.make_response(user_input)# SECURE CODE - Using render_template() to render HTML templates with automatic escaping
user_input = request.args.get('input')
response = flask.render_template('template.html', user_input=user_input)# SECURE CODE - Using jsonify() to return data from an API
data = {'key': request.args.get('input')}
response = flask.jsonify(data)Additional recommendations
- Follow the principle of least privilege and sanitize all user input before rendering or processing it.
- Implement input validation and output encoding to prevent injection attacks.
- Adhere to the OWASP Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS) for secure coding practices.
- Consider using Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to mitigate XSS risks further.
- Regularly update Flask and its dependencies to ensure you have the latest security patches.
Rule ID: WS-I013-PYTHON-00095
To ignore this finding as an exception, reply to this conversation with #wiz_ignore reason
If you'd like to ignore this finding in all future scans, add an exception in the .wiz file (learn more) or create an Ignore Rule (learn more).
To get more details on how to remediate this issue using AI, reply to this conversation with #wiz remediate
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