feat(jdbc): basic OpenTelemetry tracing integration for BigQuery JDBC Statement

java-bigquery/google-cloud-bigquery-jdbc/pom.xml

@@ -131,6 +131,10 @@
                     <relocation>
                       <pattern>io</pattern>
                       <shadedPattern>com.google.bqjdbc.shaded.io</shadedPattern>
+                      <excludes>
+                        <exclude>io.opentelemetry.api.*</exclude>
+                        <exclude>io.opentelemetry.context.*</exclude>
+                      </excludes>
                     </relocation>
                   </relocations>
                   <filters>
@@ -162,6 +166,22 @@
     <artifactId>google-cloud-bigquery-parent</artifactId>
     <version>2.63.0-SNAPSHOT</version><!-- {x-version-update:google-cloud-bigquery:current} -->
   </parent>
+
+  <dependencyManagement>
+    <dependencies>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
+        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
+        <version>2.0.16</version>
+      </dependency>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>com.google.re2j</groupId>
+        <artifactId>re2j</artifactId>
+        <version>1.8</version>
+      </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+  </dependencyManagement>
+
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
@@ -277,6 +297,31 @@
       <artifactId>httpcore5</artifactId>
     </dependency>
 
+    <!-- OpenTelemetry APIs (unshaded) -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.opentelemetry</groupId>
+      <artifactId>opentelemetry-api</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.opentelemetry</groupId>
+      <artifactId>opentelemetry-context</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <!-- OpenTelemetry SDK & Exporters (shaded) -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.opentelemetry</groupId>
+      <artifactId>opentelemetry-sdk</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.cloud.opentelemetry</groupId>
+      <artifactId>exporter-trace</artifactId>
+      <version>0.33.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.opentelemetry</groupId>
+      <artifactId>opentelemetry-sdk-trace</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+
     <!--  Test Dependencies  -->
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.google.truth</groupId>

java-bigquery/google-cloud-bigquery-jdbc/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigquery/jdbc/BigQueryConnection.java

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@
 import com.google.cloud.bigquery.storage.v1.BigQueryWriteClient;
 import com.google.cloud.bigquery.storage.v1.BigQueryWriteSettings;
 import com.google.cloud.http.HttpTransportOptions;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.OpenTelemetry;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Tracer;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.sql.CallableStatement;
@@ -138,6 +140,9 @@ public class BigQueryConnection extends BigQueryNoOpsConnection {
   Long connectionPoolSize;
   Long listenerPoolSize;
   String partnerToken;
+  boolean enableOpenTelemetry;
+  String openTelemetryExporter;
+  Tracer tracer = OpenTelemetry.noop().getTracer("");
 
   BigQueryConnection(String url) throws IOException {
     this(url, DataSource.fromUrl(url));
@@ -242,6 +247,8 @@ public class BigQueryConnection extends BigQueryNoOpsConnection {
     this.connectionPoolSize = ds.getConnectionPoolSize();
     this.listenerPoolSize = ds.getListenerPoolSize();
     this.partnerToken = ds.getPartnerToken();
+    this.enableOpenTelemetry = ds.getEnableOpenTelemetry();
+    this.openTelemetryExporter = ds.getOpenTelemetryExporter();
 
     this.headerProvider = createHeaderProvider();
     this.bigQuery = getBigQueryConnection();
@@ -935,6 +942,15 @@ private BigQuery getBigQueryConnection() {
       bigQueryOptions.setTransportOptions(this.httpTransportOptions);
     }
 
+    OpenTelemetry openTelemetry =
+        BigQueryJdbcOpenTelemetry.getOpenTelemetry(
+            this.enableOpenTelemetry, this.openTelemetryExporter);
+    if (this.enableOpenTelemetry) {
+      this.tracer = BigQueryJdbcOpenTelemetry.getTracer(openTelemetry);
+      bigQueryOptions.setOpenTelemetryTracer(this.tracer);
+      BigQueryJdbcOpenTelemetry.attachLoggingBridge();
+    }
+
     BigQueryOptions options = bigQueryOptions.setHeaderProvider(this.headerProvider).build();
     options.setDefaultJobCreationMode(
         this.useStatelessQueryMode
@@ -1083,4 +1099,8 @@ public CallableStatement prepareCall(
     }
     return prepareCall(sql);
   }
+
+  public Tracer getTracer() {
+    return this.tracer;
+  }
 }

java-bigquery/google-cloud-bigquery-jdbc/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigquery/jdbc/BigQueryJdbcOpenTelemetry.java

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.cloud.bigquery.jdbc;
+
+import com.google.cloud.opentelemetry.trace.TraceConfiguration;
+import com.google.cloud.opentelemetry.trace.TraceExporter;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.GlobalOpenTelemetry;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.OpenTelemetry;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Tracer;
+import io.opentelemetry.sdk.OpenTelemetrySdk;
+import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.SdkTracerProvider;
+import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.BatchSpanProcessor;
+import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.SpanExporter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class BigQueryJdbcOpenTelemetry {
+
+  private static final BigQueryJdbcCustomLogger LOG =
+      new BigQueryJdbcCustomLogger(BigQueryJdbcOpenTelemetry.class.getName());
+  private static final Object lock = new Object();
+  private static volatile OpenTelemetrySdk autoConfiguredOpenTelemetry;
+  private static volatile boolean initialized = false;
+  private static final String INSTRUMENTATION_SCOPE_NAME = "com.google.cloud.bigquery.jdbc";
+
+  /**
+   * Initializes or returns the OpenTelemetry instance based on hybrid logic. Prefer
+   * GlobalOpenTelemetry; fallback to an auto-configured GCP exporter if requested.
+   */
+  public static OpenTelemetry getOpenTelemetry(boolean enableOpenTelemetry, String exporterType) {
+    if (!enableOpenTelemetry) {
+      return OpenTelemetry.noop();
+    }
+
+    OpenTelemetry globalOtel = GlobalOpenTelemetry.get();
+    if ("gcp".equalsIgnoreCase(exporterType)) {
+      return getAutoConfiguredOpenTelemetry();
+    }
+
+    return globalOtel;
+  }
+
+  /** Gets a Tracer for the JDBC driver instrumentation scope. */
+  public static Tracer getTracer(OpenTelemetry openTelemetry) {
+    return openTelemetry.getTracer(INSTRUMENTATION_SCOPE_NAME);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * TODO(b/491245568): Attaches the OpenTelemetry logging bridge to the root
+   * java.util.logging.Logger. This is currently a no-op due to shading issues with
+   * `opentelemetry-appender-jul`.
+   */
+  public static void attachLoggingBridge() {
+    // No-op for now.
+  }
+
+  private static OpenTelemetry getAutoConfiguredOpenTelemetry() {
+    if (!initialized) {
+      synchronized (lock) {
+        if (!initialized) {
+          try {
+            autoConfiguredOpenTelemetry = initGcpOpenTelemetry();
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.warning("Failed to initialize OpenTelemetry with GCP exporter: " + e.getMessage());
+            autoConfiguredOpenTelemetry = null;
+          } finally {
+            initialized = true;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return autoConfiguredOpenTelemetry != null ? autoConfiguredOpenTelemetry : OpenTelemetry.noop();
+  }
+
+  private static OpenTelemetrySdk initGcpOpenTelemetry() throws IOException {
+    LOG.info("Initializing BigQuery JDBC standalone OpenTelemetry SDK with GCP exporter.");
+
+    SpanExporter traceExporter;
+    try {
+      TraceConfiguration configuration = TraceConfiguration.builder().build();
+      traceExporter = TraceExporter.createWithConfiguration(configuration);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          "Could not create TraceExporter. Ensure exporter-trace is on classpath.", e);
+    }
+
+    SdkTracerProvider tracerProvider =
+        SdkTracerProvider.builder()
+            .addSpanProcessor(BatchSpanProcessor.builder(traceExporter).build())
+            .build();
+
+    OpenTelemetrySdk sdk = OpenTelemetrySdk.builder().setTracerProvider(tracerProvider).build();
+
+    Runtime.getRuntime()
+        .addShutdownHook(
+            new Thread(
+                () -> {
+                  try {
+                    tracerProvider.close();
+                  } catch (Exception e) {
+                    LOG.warning("Error closing tracer provider: " + e.getMessage());
+                  }
+                }));
+
+    return sdk;
+  }
+}

java-bigquery/google-cloud-bigquery-jdbc/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigquery/jdbc/BigQueryJdbcUrlUtility.java

@@ -162,6 +162,10 @@ protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<String, Map<String, String>> eldes
   static final int DEFAULT_SWA_APPEND_ROW_COUNT_VALUE = 1000;
   static final String SWA_ACTIVATION_ROW_COUNT_PROPERTY_NAME = "SWA_ActivationRowCount";
   static final int DEFAULT_SWA_ACTIVATION_ROW_COUNT_VALUE = 3;
+  static final String ENABLE_OPENTELEMETRY_PROPERTY_NAME = "EnableOpenTelemetry";
+  static final boolean DEFAULT_ENABLE_OPENTELEMETRY_VALUE = false;
+  static final String OPENTELEMETRY_EXPORTER_PROPERTY_NAME = "OpenTelemetryExporter";
+  static final String DEFAULT_OPENTELEMETRY_EXPORTER_VALUE = "none";
   private static final BigQueryJdbcCustomLogger LOG =
       new BigQueryJdbcCustomLogger(BigQueryJdbcUrlUtility.class.getName());
   static final String FILTER_TABLES_ON_DEFAULT_DATASET_PROPERTY_NAME =
@@ -607,6 +611,18 @@ protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<String, Map<String, String>> eldes
                       .setDescription(
                           "Reason for the request, which is passed as the x-goog-request-reason"
                               + " header.")
+                      .build(),
+                  BigQueryConnectionProperty.newBuilder()
+                      .setName(ENABLE_OPENTELEMETRY_PROPERTY_NAME)
+                      .setDescription(
+                          "Enables or disables OpenTelemetry features in the Driver. Disabled by default.")
+                      .setDefaultValue(String.valueOf(DEFAULT_ENABLE_OPENTELEMETRY_VALUE))
+                      .build(),
+                  BigQueryConnectionProperty.newBuilder()
+                      .setName(OPENTELEMETRY_EXPORTER_PROPERTY_NAME)
+                      .setDescription(
+                          "Specifies the auto-configured OpenTelemetry exporter (e.g., gcp).")
+                      .setDefaultValue(DEFAULT_OPENTELEMETRY_EXPORTER_VALUE)
                       .build())));
 
   private static final List<String> NETWORK_PROPERTIES =