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188 changes: 67 additions & 121 deletions docs/languages/SQL/sql-14.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ id: sql-aggregate-functions
sidebar_position: 14
title: "SQL Aggregate Functions"
sidebar_label: "SQL Aggregate Functions"
description: "SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standardized programming language for managing and manipulating relational databases."
description: "An aggregate function is a function that performs a calculation on a set of values, and returns a single value."
tags: [sql, dbms, database]
---

An aggregate function is a function that performs a calculation on a set of values, and returns a single value.

Aggregate functions are often used with the `GROUP BY` clause of the `SELECT` statement. The `GROUP BY` clause splits the result-set into groups of values and the aggregate function can be used to return a single value for each group.
An aggregate function is a function that performs a calculation on a set of values, and returns a single value. These functions are commonly used with the `GROUP BY` clause in SQL to group rows that share a common attribute.

The most commonly used SQL aggregate functions are:

Expand All @@ -21,38 +19,11 @@ The most commonly used SQL aggregate functions are:

Aggregate functions ignore null values (except for `COUNT()`).

---

## SQL MIN() and MAX() Functions

The `MIN()` function returns the smallest value of the selected column.

The `MAX()` function returns the largest value of the selected column.

### MIN Example

Find the lowest price in the Price column:
```
SELECT MIN(Price)
FROM Products;
```

### MAX Example

Find the highest price in the Price column:
```
SELECT MAX(Price)
FROM Products;
```

### Syntax

`SELECT MIN(_column_name_) FROM _table_name_ WHERE _condition_;`

`SELECT MAX(_column_name_) FROM _table_name_ WHERE _condition_;`

### Demo Database
## Demo Database

Below is a selection from the Products table used in the examples:
Below is a selection from the `Products` table used in the examples:

| ProductID | ProductName | SupplierID | CategoryID | Unit | Price |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Expand All @@ -62,108 +33,83 @@ Below is a selection from the Products table used in the examples:
| 4 | Chef Anton's Cajun Seasoning | 2 | 2 | 48 - 6 oz jars | 22 |
| 5 | Chef Anton's Gumbo Mix | 2 | 2 | 36 boxes | 21.35 |

## Set Column Name (Alias)

When you use `MIN()` or `MAX()`, the returned column will not have a descriptive name. To give the column a descriptive name, use the `AS` keyword:
---

### Example
```
SELECT MIN(Price) AS SmallestPrice
FROM Products;
```
## Common SQL Aggregate Functions

## Use MIN() with GROUP BY
### MIN() and MAX()
* **Description**: The `MIN()` function returns the smallest value of the selected column. The `MAX()` function returns the largest value of the selected column.
* **Syntax**:
```sql
SELECT MIN(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE condition;
SELECT MAX(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE condition;
```
* **Example (MIN)**: Find the lowest price in the Price column:
```sql
SELECT MIN(Price) FROM Products;
```
* **Example (MAX)**: Find the highest price in the Price column:
```sql
SELECT MAX(Price) FROM Products;
```

Here we use the `MIN()` function and the `GROUP BY` clause, to return the smallest price for each category in the Products table:
### COUNT()
* **Description**: Returns the number of rows in a set.
* **Syntax**:
* `COUNT(column_name)` — Counts non-null values in the specified column
* `COUNT(*)` — Counts all rows
* **Example**: Count the total number of products:
```sql
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Products;
```

### Example
```
SELECT MIN(Price) AS SmallestPrice, CategoryID
FROM Products
GROUP BY CategoryID;
```
### SUM()
* **Description**: Returns the total sum of a numerical column.
* **Syntax**: `SUM(column_name)`
* **Example**: Find the sum of all prices in the Products table:
```sql
SELECT SUM(Price) FROM Products;
```

You will learn more about the `[GROUP BY](sql_groupby.asp)` clause later in this tutorial.
### AVG()
* **Description**: Returns the average value of a numerical column.
* **Syntax**: `AVG(column_name)`
* **Example**: Find the average price of all products:
```sql
SELECT AVG(Price) FROM Products;
```

=======
description: "An aggregate function is a function that performs a calculation on a set of values, and returns a single value."
tags: [sql, dbms, database]
---

## About SQL Aggregates

An aggregate function is a function that performs a calculation on a set of values and returns a single value. These functions are commonly used with the `GROUP BY` clause in SQL to group rows that share a common attribute.

The most commonly used SQL aggregate functions include:
## Set Column Name (Alias)

- **MIN()**: Returns the smallest value within a selected column.
- **MAX()**: Returns the largest value within a selected column.
- **COUNT()**: Returns the number of rows in a set.
- **SUM()**: Returns the total sum of a numerical column.
- **AVG()**: Returns the average value of a numerical column.
When you use aggregate functions, the returned column will not have a descriptive name. To give the column a descriptive name, use the `AS` keyword (alias):
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Aggregate functions ignore null values, except for `COUNT()`.
### Example
```sql
SELECT MIN(Price) AS SmallestPrice FROM Products;
```

---

## Common SQL Aggregate Functions

### MIN()
- **Description**: Returns the smallest value within the selected column.
- **Syntax**: `MIN(column_name)`
- **Example**:
```sql
SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees;
```

### MAX()
- **Description**: Returns the largest value within the selected column.
- **Syntax**: `MAX(column_name)`
- **Example**:
```sql
SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees;
```
## Using Aggregate Functions with GROUP BY

### COUNT()
- **Description**: Returns the number of rows in a set.
- **Syntax**:
- `COUNT(column_name)` -- Counts non-null values in the specified column
- `COUNT(*)` -- Counts all rows
- **Example**:
```sql
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees;
```
Aggregate functions are often combined with the `GROUP BY` clause to group rows that have the same values in specified columns.

### SUM()
- **Description**: Returns the total sum of a numerical column.
- **Syntax**: `SUM(column_name)`
- **Example**:
```sql
SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees;
```
### Syntax
```sql
SELECT column1, AGGREGATE_FUNCTION(column2)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column1;
```

### AVG()
- **Description**: Returns the average value of a numerical column.
- **Syntax**: `AVG(column_name)`
- **Example**:
```sql
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees;
```
### Example
Here we use the `MIN()` function and the `GROUP BY` clause to return the smallest price for each category in the `Products` table:

## Using Aggregate Functions with GROUP BY
```sql
SELECT MIN(Price) AS SmallestPrice, CategoryID
FROM Products
GROUP BY CategoryID;
```

Aggregate functions can be combined with the `GROUP BY` clause to group rows that have the same values in specified columns.

- **Syntax**:
```sql
SELECT column1, AGGREGATE_FUNCTION(column2)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column1;
```

- **Example**:
```sql
SELECT department, COUNT(*) AS employee_count
FROM employees
GROUP BY department;
```
You will learn more about the `[GROUP BY](./sql-21.md)` clause later in this tutorial.
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delete line number 115

2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion docs/languages/java/java-streams-and-lambdas.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags: [java, Streams, Lambda, Functional Programming, filter, map, reduce, colle
---

:::info Who is this for?
Developers who know basic Java (loops, collections) and want to write cleaner, modern code using **lambda expressions** and the **Streams API**. This guide focuses on functional-style programming with hands-on examples. For the full Collections reference, see [Collections and Streams in Java](./collections-and-streams).
Developers who know basic Java (loops, collections) and want to write cleaner, modern code using **lambda expressions** and the **Streams API**. This guide focuses on functional-style programming with hands-on examples. For the full Collections reference, see [Collections and Streams in Java](./java-14.md).

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Please do not modify line 11, as it is currently functional and contains no broken links.

:::

# Java Streams API and Lambda Expressions
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