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[MLIR] Masked Unary Ops - #23119

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[MLIR] Masked Unary Ops#23119
brandon-b-miller wants to merge 6 commits into
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mlir/pr5-masked-unops

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@brandon-b-miller brandon-b-miller commented Jul 6, 2026

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Introduces unary operations via the numba-cuda-mlir backend, similar to #22886.

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brandon-b-miller requested a review from a team as a code owner July 6, 2026 12:44
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brandon-b-miller requested review from vyasr and wence- and removed request for a team July 6, 2026 12:44
@github-actions github-actions Bot added the Python Affects Python cuDF API. label Jul 6, 2026
@GPUtester GPUtester moved this to In Progress in cuDF Python Jul 6, 2026
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brandon-b-miller marked this pull request as draft July 6, 2026 12:44
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@brandon-b-miller
brandon-b-miller force-pushed the mlir/pr5-masked-unops branch from 5433507 to 4cbac87 Compare July 6, 2026 21:02
@brandon-b-miller
brandon-b-miller force-pushed the mlir/pr5-masked-unops branch from 4cbac87 to f9d72fc Compare July 8, 2026 13:35
@brandon-b-miller
brandon-b-miller force-pushed the mlir/pr5-masked-unops branch 2 times, most recently from 41610b2 to 9ab5ebf Compare July 15, 2026 13:19
@josephine-wolf-oberholtzer josephine-wolf-oberholtzer moved this to In Progress in cuDF Python Aug 12, 2026
Base automatically changed from mlir/pr4-masked-binops to main August 31, 2026 16:29
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vyasr force-pushed the mlir/pr5-masked-unops branch from ae2726a to 48a4f81 Compare August 31, 2026 16:30
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brandon-b-miller marked this pull request as ready for review August 31, 2026 19:59
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📒 Files selected for processing (3)
  • python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/mlir_backend/masked_lowering.py
  • python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/mlir_backend/masked_typing.py
  • python/cudf/cudf/tests/private_objects/mlir_backend/test_masked_lowering.py
🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (2)
  • python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/mlir_backend/masked_lowering.py
  • python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/mlir_backend/masked_typing.py

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📝 Summary

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features

    • Added support for unary arithmetic and bitwise operations on masked values.
    • Added absolute-value calculations and boolean conversion for masked values.
    • Added integer and floating-point casting while preserving masked-value validity.
    • Added support for using masked values in conditional expressions.
    • Added support for unary math functions with correct handling of valid and invalid values.
    • Added logical negation for masked values, including not and equivalent operator usage.
  • Bug Fixes

    • Improved integer truth evaluation to avoid incorrect results for larger values.

Walkthrough

The change adds callable annotations to operation registries and adds masked typing and MLIR lowering for unary operations, truth conversion, logical negation, absolute value, and numeric casts. Tests cover validity propagation and integer truthiness edge cases.

Changes

Masked operation support

Layer / File(s) Summary
Operation typing and registries
python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/_ops.py, python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/mlir_backend/masked_typing.py
Operation collections now use callable list annotations. Masked typing registers unary operations, truth conversion, absolute value, and numeric casts.
Masked MLIR lowerings
python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/mlir_backend/masked_lowering.py
Masked truth evaluation compares integer payloads directly with zero. Dedicated lowering handles operator.not_ and returns a plain boolean.
Masked operation validation
python/cudf/cudf/tests/private_objects/mlir_backend/test_masked_lowering.py
Tests cover validity preservation for unary operations and casts, integer truthiness, and both forms of logical negation.

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 904ab

This change adds masked unary operation support with validity-preservation and truthiness coverage. No concrete current-head merge-blocking risk remains.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 3 | ❌ 2

❌ Failed checks (1 warning, 1 inconclusive)

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage ⚠️ Warning Docstring coverage is 52.50% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 40 functions across 4 files. Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
Description check ❓ Inconclusive No pull request description was provided, so the change scope and intent are not documented in the description. Add a brief description that summarizes the masked unary operation support, truth handling, typing changes, and related tests.
✅ Passed checks (3 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely identifies the main change: adding masked unary operation support in the MLIR backend.
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  • Commit unit tests in branch mlir/pr5-masked-unops

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Actionable comments posted: 2

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Inline comments:
In `@python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/mlir_backend/masked_lowering.py`:
- Line 435: Update the masked boolean lowering around payload_as_bool so integer
payloads are compared against zero with arith.cmpi ne before any conversion to
i1, preserving Python truthiness for positive and negative even values. Keep the
existing conversion path for non-integer payloads, and extend
test_masked_bool_truth with positive and negative even-value cases.

In `@python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/mlir_backend/masked_typing.py`:
- Line 303: Handle operator.not_ as plain boolean negation rather than a masked
unary operation: exclude it from the generic unary typing and lowering loops,
then add dedicated lowering that computes not (m.valid and bool(m.value)).
Update masked_typing.py:303-303 and masked_lowering.py:512-512, and add valid
and invalid regressions covering direct operator.not_ calls and the not m
syntax.
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📒 Files selected for processing (4)
  • python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/_ops.py
  • python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/mlir_backend/masked_lowering.py
  • python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/mlir_backend/masked_typing.py
  • python/cudf/cudf/tests/private_objects/mlir_backend/test_masked_lowering.py

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Comment thread python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/mlir_backend/masked_lowering.py Outdated
Comment thread python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/mlir_backend/masked_typing.py
@brandon-b-miller brandon-b-miller added feature request New feature or request non-breaking Non-breaking change labels Sep 1, 2026

@mroeschke mroeschke left a comment

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A few non-blocking questions but LGTM

Comment thread python/cudf/cudf/core/udf/mlir_backend/masked_lowering.py Outdated
Comment thread python/cudf/cudf/tests/private_objects/mlir_backend/test_masked_lowering.py Outdated
Adds unary operator typing/lowering and scalar coercions over
numeric/boolean MaskedType values:

  * unary ops (-x, math.sin(x), etc.) -> Masked(result), validity carried;
    delegate to the registered scalar lowering
  * operator.invert (~x) on integer payloads via arith.xori(x, -1)
  * abs(m) -> Masked(result)
  * bool(m) / truth -> m.valid and bool(m.value)
  * int(m) -> Masked(int64); float(m) -> Masked(float64)

Tests: +21 kernel tests (sign, invert, math.* delegation, abs, truth
across valid/invalid/falsy, bool-in-if, int/float coercion).
Apply recurring feedback from PRs #22884/#22885/#22886 to the unary-op
code: add type annotations to the new typing templates and lowering
functions, convert leading comments into class/function docstrings (and
fill the TODO docstring stubs), and drop the redundant ``ref`` parameter
from the unary tests so assertions compute the expected value via the op
itself. Annotate the shared op lists in _ops.py so the newly annotated
factory signatures type-check.
convert(float -> i1) lowers via arith.fptoui, which truncates instead of
testing truthiness, so bool(Masked(1.0)) came out False. Take a dedicated
float path computing (payload != 0) via arith.cmpf UNE, which also yields
the Python-correct bool(nan) is True. Add float-payload truth tests.
Per review feedback, sweep valid=True/False on the masked unary tests
(neg/pos, invert, math, abs, float/int cast) and assert the result
validity tracks the operand, rather than hard-coding a single mask value.
Extend the invert and math kernels to emit the validity bit so it can be
checked.
Two correctness issues from review:

- bool(Masked(int)) went through convert(payload -> i1), which is
  arith.trunci and keeps only the low bit, so even values like
  Masked(2) tested as False. Compare against zero with arith.cmpi ne at
  full width instead (mirroring the existing float path). Factor the
  shared truth logic into _masked_truth_value.

- operator.not_ was in the generic unary loops, producing a
  Masked(bool) that preserved validity; but "not m" must be plain
  logical negation, so an invalid (falsy) operand yields True, not an
  invalid masked value. Exclude not_ from the generic typing/lowering
  loops, type it as a plain boolean, and lower it as
  not (m.valid and bool(m.value)).

Add even-value truth cases and valid/invalid regressions for both
"not m" and operator.not_.
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