[Propagators] Add OpenTelemetry consistent probability sampling

[MilanGarnier]

Reopen of #8983 (reverted) because it introduces perf regressions which require some mitigation

#8983 feature description

Stacked on top of #9000 (which contains refactoring groundwork to make this PR readable)

Summary of changes

• Add support for the OpenTelemetry consistent-probability-sampling ot tracestate member and its rv and th sub-keys. https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otel/trace/tracestate-handling/#sampling-threshold-value-th
• Extract ot separately from dd, retain it in the propagated context, and inject it immediately after dd.
• Keep unknown ot sub-keys and other tracestate members; remove malformed known rv and th sub-keys during extraction.
• Pass the raw probability sampling outcome from TraceSampler to TraceContext.

Sampling behavior

• For local root traces with W3C injection enabled, derive rv from the trace ID and th from supported probability sampling decisions.
• Clamp th to the valid 56-bit range and adjust rv so the emitted state agrees with the Datadog keep or drop decision (due to some precision loss).
• When rate limiting changes a keep decision to a drop, retain rv and remove th.
• For manual and ASM overrides without a sampling rate, remove th, retain a valid inbound rv, and discard a locally generated rv.

Test coverage

• End to end testing will be enabled in test(dotnet): enable ot.th/ot.rv tracestate sampling scenarios [dotnet@milan.garnier/ot.th] system-tests#7438
• ot helper parsing, normalization, and rewriting.
• W3C extraction, injection, multi-vendor propagation, and restart behavior.
• Root sampling, boundary rates, rate-limiter demotion, and manual or ASM overrides.

[pr-commenter]

Benchmarks

Benchmark execution time: 2026-09-04 10:30:59

Comparing candidate commit ecde9f3 in PR branch milan.garnier/ot.th-reopen with baseline commit f2eed57 in branch master.

📊 Benchmarking dashboard

Found 0 performance improvements and 44 performance regressions! Performance is the same for 28 metrics, 0 unstable metrics, 111 known flaky benchmarks, 15 flaky benchmarks without significant changes.

Explanation

This is an A/B test comparing a candidate commit's performance against that of a baseline commit. Performance changes are noted in the tables below as:

• 🟩 = significantly better candidate vs. baseline
• 🟥 = significantly worse candidate vs. baseline

We compute a confidence interval (CI) over the relative difference of means between metrics from the candidate and baseline commits, considering the baseline as the reference.

If the CI is entirely outside the configured SIGNIFICANT_IMPACT_THRESHOLD (or the deprecated UNCONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD), the change is considered significant.

Feel free to reach out to #apm-benchmarking-platform on Slack if you have any questions.

More details about the CI and significant changes

You can imagine this CI as a range of values that is likely to contain the true difference of means between the candidate and baseline commits.

CIs of the difference of means are often centered around 0%, because often changes are not that big:

---------------------------------(------|---^--------)-------------------------------->
                              -0.6%    0%  0.3%     +1.2%
                                 |          |        |
         lower bound of the CI --'          |        |
sample mean (center of the CI) -------------'        |
         upper bound of the CI ----------------------'

As described above, a change is considered significant if the CI is entirely outside the configured SIGNIFICANT_IMPACT_THRESHOLD (or the deprecated UNCONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD).

For instance, for an execution time metric, this confidence interval indicates a significantly worse performance:

----------------------------------------|---------|---(---------^---------)---------->
                                       0%        1%  1.3%      2.2%      3.1%
                                                  |   |         |         |
       significant impact threshold --------------'   |         |         |
                      lower bound of CI --------------'         |         |
       sample mean (center of the CI) --------------------------'         |
                      upper bound of CI ----------------------------------'

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartActiveSpan net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+13.195%; +13.203%]
• 🟥 throughput [-33023.423op/s; -31895.749op/s] or [-16.823%; -16.249%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartActiveSpan net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.142%; +6.150%]
• 🟥 throughput [-40791.989op/s; -34882.562op/s] or [-14.620%; -12.502%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartActiveSpan netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+5.944%; +5.952%]
• 🟥 throughput [-30860.178op/s; -28497.521op/s] or [-14.267%; -13.174%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartRootSpan net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+13.195%; +13.203%]
• 🟥 throughput [-26088.412op/s; -25303.696op/s] or [-13.849%; -13.433%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartRootSpan net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.142%; +6.150%]
• 🟥 throughput [-34724.354op/s; -31259.656op/s] or [-12.791%; -11.514%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartRootSpan netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+5.944%; +5.952%]
• 🟥 throughput [-31734.210op/s; -30168.014op/s] or [-14.957%; -14.219%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartSpan net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+13.195%; +13.203%]
• 🟥 throughput [-25221.227op/s; -24231.185op/s] or [-13.550%; -13.018%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartSpan net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.142%; +6.150%]
• 🟥 throughput [-38186.573op/s; -33524.714op/s] or [-13.936%; -12.234%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartSpan netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+5.944%; +5.952%]
• 🟥 throughput [-36292.968op/s; -33739.515op/s] or [-16.642%; -15.471%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartSpan_GetCurrentSpan net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+13.195%; +13.203%]
• 🟥 throughput [-29895.751op/s; -29048.249op/s] or [-16.075%; -15.620%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartSpan_GetCurrentSpan net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.142%; +6.150%]
• 🟥 throughput [-38018.498op/s; -34800.982op/s] or [-13.875%; -12.701%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartSpan_GetCurrentSpan netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+5.944%; +5.952%]
• 🟥 throughput [-28423.963op/s; -26066.531op/s] or [-13.369%; -12.260%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartSpan_SetActive net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+10.791%; +10.799%]
• 🟥 throughput [-21796.272op/s; -21092.928op/s] or [-12.837%; -12.422%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartSpan_SetActive net6.0

• 🟥 throughput [-32322.084op/s; -29068.360op/s] or [-12.904%; -11.605%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TracerBenchmark.StartSpan_SetActive netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 throughput [-20259.369op/s; -17884.637op/s] or [-10.388%; -9.170%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.DbCommandBenchmark.ExecuteNonQuery net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+239 bytes; +240 bytes] or [+25.342%; +25.353%]
• 🟥 throughput [-90727.594op/s; -86853.766op/s] or [-25.554%; -24.462%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.DbCommandBenchmark.ExecuteNonQuery net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+9.750%; +9.761%]
• 🟥 throughput [-106224.144op/s; -94038.355op/s] or [-20.155%; -17.843%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.DbCommandBenchmark.ExecuteNonQuery netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+9.830%; +9.841%]
• 🟥 throughput [-87519.366op/s; -79748.228op/s] or [-21.632%; -19.712%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.HttpClientBenchmark.SendAsync net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+303 bytes; +304 bytes] or [+10.436%; +10.448%]
• 🟥 throughput [-12447.343op/s; -12192.636op/s] or [-14.210%; -13.919%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.HttpClientBenchmark.SendAsync net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+199 bytes; +200 bytes] or [+9.426%; +9.438%]
• 🟥 throughput [-10057.952op/s; -8801.404op/s] or [-6.833%; -5.979%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.HttpClientBenchmark.SendAsync netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+199 bytes; +200 bytes] or [+7.569%; +7.581%]
• 🟥 throughput [-12844.438op/s; -11052.097op/s] or [-10.193%; -8.770%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.NLogBenchmark.EnrichedLog net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+240 bytes; +241 bytes] or [+11.667%; +11.680%]
• 🟥 throughput [-14638.507op/s; -13882.879op/s] or [-11.214%; -10.635%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.NLogBenchmark.EnrichedLog net6.0

• 🟥 throughput [-17636.578op/s; -13480.061op/s] or [-8.843%; -6.759%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.NLogBenchmark.EnrichedLog netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 throughput [-15809.470op/s; -13758.785op/s] or [-10.614%; -9.237%]

Known flaky benchmarks

These benchmarks are marked as flaky and will not trigger a failure. Modify FLAKY_BENCHMARKS_REGEX to control which benchmarks are marked as flaky.

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+14.157%; +14.165%]
• 🟥 throughput [-29113.265op/s; -27595.611op/s] or [-14.769%; -13.999%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.245%; +6.253%]
• 🟥 throughput [-46610.373op/s; -41992.131op/s] or [-15.591%; -14.046%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.042%; +6.049%]
• 🟥 throughput [-37186.786op/s; -35066.608op/s] or [-16.899%; -15.936%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_AddEvent_Sampled net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+231 bytes; +232 bytes] or [+11.840%; +11.849%]
• 🟥 throughput [-27633.459op/s; -26661.608op/s] or [-15.695%; -15.143%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_AddEvent_Sampled net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+5.136%; +5.144%]
• 🟥 throughput [-33371.973op/s; -30645.307op/s] or [-12.771%; -11.728%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_AddEvent_Sampled netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 throughput [-24983.630op/s; -22868.522op/s] or [-12.853%; -11.765%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_GetContext_Sampled net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+231 bytes; +232 bytes] or [+14.098%; +14.107%]
• 🟥 throughput [-24214.470op/s; -22883.747op/s] or [-12.880%; -12.172%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_GetContext_Sampled net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.245%; +6.253%]
• 🟥 throughput [-49307.847op/s; -45392.863op/s] or [-16.534%; -15.221%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_GetContext_Sampled netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.042%; +6.049%]
• 🟥 throughput [-36489.826op/s; -34237.062op/s] or [-16.706%; -15.675%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_SetAttributes_Sampled net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+10.710%; +10.718%]
• 🟥 throughput [-15666.063op/s; -14895.945op/s] or [-10.260%; -9.756%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_SetAttributes_Sampled net6.0

• 🟥 throughput [-25053.763op/s; -21248.592op/s] or [-10.904%; -9.248%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_SetAttributes_Sampled netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 throughput [-20933.294op/s; -18634.220op/s] or [-11.643%; -10.364%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_SetStatus_Sampled net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+14.157%; +14.165%]
• 🟥 throughput [-27532.879op/s; -26287.573op/s] or [-13.863%; -13.236%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_SetStatus_Sampled net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.245%; +6.253%]
• 🟥 throughput [-43654.877op/s; -39475.399op/s] or [-14.541%; -13.149%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_SetStatus_Sampled netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.042%; +6.049%]
• 🟥 throughput [-32095.166op/s; -29637.982op/s] or [-14.543%; -13.430%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_UpdateName_Sampled net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+14.157%; +14.165%]
• 🟥 throughput [-29436.738op/s; -28370.123op/s] or [-15.365%; -14.808%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_UpdateName_Sampled net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.245%; +6.253%]
• 🟥 throughput [-39255.082op/s; -33591.052op/s] or [-13.352%; -11.426%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartSpan_UpdateName_Sampled netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.042%; +6.049%]
• 🟥 throughput [-29001.037op/s; -26422.296op/s] or [-13.244%; -12.066%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+13.195%; +13.203%]
• 🟥 throughput [-27547.753op/s; -26929.274op/s] or [-14.777%; -14.446%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.142%; +6.150%]
• 🟥 throughput [-37702.532op/s; -34357.669op/s] or [-13.545%; -12.343%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+5.944%; +5.952%]
• 🟥 throughput [-33206.433op/s; -31003.982op/s] or [-15.774%; -14.728%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_AddEvent_Sampled net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+11.206%; +11.214%]
• 🟥 throughput [-16611.358op/s; -15728.157op/s] or [-10.392%; -9.840%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_AddEvent_Sampled net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+5.068%; +5.077%]
• 🟥 throughput [-32022.767op/s; -26485.597op/s] or [-12.988%; -10.743%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_AddEvent_Sampled netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 throughput [-24105.807op/s; -21904.819op/s] or [-12.564%; -11.417%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_GetContext_Sampled net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+13.195%; +13.203%]
• 🟥 throughput [-30992.075op/s; -30141.535op/s] or [-16.760%; -16.300%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_GetContext_Sampled net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.142%; +6.150%]
• 🟥 throughput [-35091.136op/s; -31750.818op/s] or [-13.288%; -12.023%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_GetContext_Sampled netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+5.944%; +5.952%]
• 🟥 throughput [-28261.526op/s; -25873.816op/s] or [-13.588%; -12.440%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_RecordException_Sampled net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+8.106%; +8.114%]
• 🟥 throughput [-17327.583op/s; -16346.287op/s] or [-13.858%; -13.073%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_RecordException_Sampled net6.0

• 🟥 throughput [-18314.620op/s; -16313.340op/s] or [-10.608%; -9.449%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_RecordException_Sampled netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 throughput [-12169.352op/s; -9997.752op/s] or [-8.526%; -7.005%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_SetAttributes_Sampled net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+231 bytes; +232 bytes] or [+10.103%; +10.111%]
• 🟥 throughput [-11201.641op/s; -10036.293op/s] or [-7.718%; -6.915%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_SetAttributes_Sampled net6.0

• 🟥 throughput [-24057.704op/s; -22724.464op/s] or [-11.078%; -10.464%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_SetAttributes_Sampled netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 throughput [-24332.234op/s; -22665.059op/s] or [-14.049%; -13.087%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_SetStatus_Sampled net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+12.622%; +12.630%]
• 🟥 throughput [-29801.793op/s; -28789.490op/s] or [-16.868%; -16.295%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_SetStatus_Sampled net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+5.817%; +5.825%]
• 🟥 throughput [-31359.879op/s; -28831.554op/s] or [-12.238%; -11.251%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_SetStatus_Sampled netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+5.634%; +5.642%]
• 🟥 throughput [-29173.067op/s; -25397.873op/s] or [-14.722%; -12.817%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_UpdateName_Sampled net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+232 bytes; +233 bytes] or [+13.195%; +13.203%]
• 🟥 throughput [-23843.005op/s; -22927.298op/s] or [-13.058%; -12.556%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_UpdateName_Sampled net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+6.142%; +6.150%]
• 🟥 throughput [-37106.878op/s; -32122.847op/s] or [-13.405%; -11.604%]

scenario:Benchmarks.OpenTelemetry.InstrumentedApi.Trace.TelemetrySpanBenchmark.StartSpan_UpdateName_Sampled netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+87 bytes; +88 bytes] or [+5.944%; +5.952%]
• 🟥 throughput [-34994.798op/s; -32409.179op/s] or [-16.084%; -14.895%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartStopWithChild net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+288 bytes; +289 bytes] or [+7.405%; +7.418%]
• 🟥 throughput [-15123.457op/s; -14721.260op/s] or [-17.932%; -17.455%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartStopWithChild net6.0

• 🟥 throughput [-14343.394op/s; -12012.126op/s] or [-12.056%; -10.097%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.ActivityBenchmark.StartStopWithChild netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 throughput [-15754.982op/s; -14432.182op/s] or [-16.019%; -14.674%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.AgentWriterBenchmark.WriteAndFlushEnrichedTraces net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+1.573KB; +1.573KB] or [+47.789%; +47.804%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+306.724ms; +309.137ms] or [+152.207%; +153.405%]
• 🟥 throughput [-55.286op/s; -51.260op/s] or [-9.947%; -9.223%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.AgentWriterBenchmark.WriteAndFlushEnrichedTraces net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+1.012KB; +1.012KB] or [+37.524%; +37.537%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+374.844ms; +375.988ms] or [+296.150%; +297.053%]
• 🟩 throughput [+69.282op/s; +71.236op/s] or [+9.135%; +9.392%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.AgentWriterBenchmark.WriteAndFlushEnrichedTraces netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+1.088KB; +1.088KB] or [+40.343%; +40.355%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+401.019ms; +402.831ms] or [+354.887%; +356.490%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecBodyBenchmark.AllCycleMoreComplexBody net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+4.741KB; +4.741KB] or [+99.799%; +99.814%]
• 🟥 throughput [-61431.230op/s; -60814.494op/s] or [-47.797%; -47.317%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecBodyBenchmark.AllCycleMoreComplexBody net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+3.864KB; +3.864KB] or [+81.715%; +81.730%]
• 🟩 execution_time [-16.436ms; -12.257ms] or [-7.676%; -5.724%]
• 🟥 throughput [-60152.825op/s; -57388.553op/s] or [-43.908%; -41.890%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecBodyBenchmark.AllCycleMoreComplexBody netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+4.592KB; +4.592KB] or [+99.295%; +99.306%]
• 🟥 throughput [-49616.782op/s; -47359.834op/s] or [-44.859%; -42.819%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecBodyBenchmark.AllCycleSimpleBody net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+1.364KB; +1.364KB] or [+110.358%; +110.374%]
• 🟥 throughput [-297200.381op/s; -290678.996op/s] or [-30.346%; -29.680%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecBodyBenchmark.AllCycleSimpleBody net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+527 bytes; +528 bytes] or [+43.133%; +43.143%]
• 🟩 execution_time [-26.675ms; -21.819ms] or [-11.896%; -9.730%]
• 🟥 throughput [-119519.540op/s; -97071.060op/s] or [-12.768%; -10.370%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecBodyBenchmark.AllCycleSimpleBody netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+1.328KB; +1.328KB] or [+109.927%; +109.941%]
• 🟥 throughput [-164689.724op/s; -148706.776op/s] or [-23.663%; -21.366%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecBodyBenchmark.ObjectExtractorMoreComplexBody net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+3.378KB; +3.378KB] or [+89.003%; +89.017%]
• 🟥 throughput [-72693.635op/s; -71935.276op/s] or [-48.922%; -48.412%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecBodyBenchmark.ObjectExtractorMoreComplexBody net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+3.336KB; +3.336KB] or [+88.150%; +88.161%]
• 🟥 throughput [-72708.431op/s; -69814.657op/s] or [-46.263%; -44.422%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecBodyBenchmark.ObjectExtractorMoreComplexBody netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+3.264KB; +3.264KB] or [+88.493%; +88.506%]
• 🟥 throughput [-56280.036op/s; -53662.351op/s] or [-44.834%; -42.749%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecBodyBenchmark.ObjectExtractorSimpleBody net6.0

• 🟩 throughput [+343416.702op/s; +358713.610op/s] or [+11.451%; +11.961%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecBodyBenchmark.ObjectExtractorSimpleBody netcoreapp3.1

• 🟩 execution_time [-18.813ms; -14.481ms] or [-8.672%; -6.675%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecEncoderBenchmark.EncodeArgs net472

• 🟩 allocated_mem [-13.759KB; -13.756KB] or [-42.324%; -42.316%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+300.412ms; +301.081ms] or [+150.106%; +150.440%]
• 🟩 throughput [+974.921op/s; +990.731op/s] or [+10.768%; +10.943%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecEncoderBenchmark.EncodeArgs net6.0

• 🟩 allocated_mem [-13.722KB; -13.718KB] or [-42.341%; -42.329%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+298.803ms; +316.266ms] or [+150.687%; +159.494%]
• 🟩 throughput [+2053.065op/s; +2502.599op/s] or [+15.703%; +19.141%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecEncoderBenchmark.EncodeArgs netcoreapp3.1

• 🟩 allocated_mem [-13.722KB; -13.718KB] or [-42.341%; -42.329%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+300.036ms; +302.437ms] or [+151.135%; +152.344%]
• 🟩 throughput [+1796.235op/s; +1922.301op/s] or [+17.342%; +18.559%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecEncoderBenchmark.EncodeLegacyArgs net472

• 🟥 execution_time [+296.515ms; +297.863ms] or [+145.636%; +146.299%]
• 🟩 throughput [+575.428op/s; +583.526op/s] or [+15.255%; +15.469%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecEncoderBenchmark.EncodeLegacyArgs net6.0

• 🟥 execution_time [+295.139ms; +297.328ms] or [+144.282%; +145.353%]
• 🟩 throughput [+2785.833op/s; +2822.601op/s] or [+40.473%; +41.007%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecEncoderBenchmark.EncodeLegacyArgs netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 execution_time [+301.765ms; +303.134ms] or [+150.822%; +151.506%]
• 🟩 throughput [+1255.166op/s; +1341.907op/s] or [+24.914%; +26.636%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecWafBenchmark.RunWafRealisticBenchmark net472

• 🟩 execution_time [-148.518µs; -144.702µs] or [-30.493%; -29.709%]
• 🟩 throughput [+872.212op/s; +897.018op/s] or [+42.481%; +43.689%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecWafBenchmark.RunWafRealisticBenchmark net6.0

• 🟩 execution_time [-133.901µs; -106.382µs] or [-30.710%; -24.399%]
• 🟩 throughput [+802.406op/s; +938.690op/s] or [+34.885%; +40.811%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecWafBenchmark.RunWafRealisticBenchmark netcoreapp3.1

• 🟩 execution_time [-142.606µs; -120.538µs] or [-30.554%; -25.826%]
• 🟩 throughput [+775.895op/s; +860.125op/s] or [+35.817%; +39.705%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecWafBenchmark.RunWafRealisticBenchmarkWithAttack net472

• 🟩 execution_time [-129.182µs; -124.946µs] or [-34.878%; -33.734%]
• 🟩 throughput [+1386.360op/s; +1436.178op/s] or [+51.344%; +53.189%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecWafBenchmark.RunWafRealisticBenchmarkWithAttack net6.0

• 🟩 execution_time [-103.247µs; -79.644µs] or [-32.961%; -25.426%]
• 🟩 throughput [+1201.040op/s; +1403.081op/s] or [+37.440%; +43.738%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecWafBenchmark.RunWafRealisticBenchmarkWithAttack netcoreapp3.1

• 🟩 execution_time [-137.813µs; -115.427µs] or [-37.700%; -31.576%]
• 🟩 throughput [+1331.139op/s; +1467.956op/s] or [+47.769%; +52.679%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.AspNetCoreBenchmark.SendRequest net472

• 🟥 execution_time [+299.845ms; +300.676ms] or [+149.653%; +150.068%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.AspNetCoreBenchmark.SendRequest net6.0

• 🟥 execution_time [+401.176ms; +409.339ms] or [+435.894%; +444.763%]
• 🟩 throughput [+619.343op/s; +828.376op/s] or [+5.089%; +6.807%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.AspNetCoreBenchmark.SendRequest netcoreapp3.1

• unstable execution_time [+232.802ms; +291.650ms] or [+176.765%; +221.447%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.CIVisibilityProtocolWriterBenchmark.WriteAndFlushEnrichedTraces net472

• unstable execution_time [+250.546ms; +305.127ms] or [+115.199%; +140.294%]
• 🟥 throughput [-574.966op/s; -515.434op/s] or [-52.097%; -46.703%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.CIVisibilityProtocolWriterBenchmark.WriteAndFlushEnrichedTraces net6.0

• unstable execution_time [+208.128ms; +341.386ms] or [+88.695%; +145.484%]
• 🟥 throughput [-674.131op/s; -590.594op/s] or [-44.965%; -39.393%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.CIVisibilityProtocolWriterBenchmark.WriteAndFlushEnrichedTraces netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+2.138KB; +2.142KB] or [+5.049%; +5.058%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+335.657ms; +344.549ms] or [+200.762%; +206.080%]
• 🟥 throughput [-394.181op/s; -357.747op/s] or [-27.446%; -24.909%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.CharSliceBenchmark.OptimizedCharSlice netcoreapp3.1

• 🟩 throughput [+18.691op/s; +52.542op/s] or [+5.373%; +15.103%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.CharSliceBenchmark.OptimizedCharSliceWithPool net6.0

• 🟩 execution_time [-145.667µs; -76.551µs] or [-13.510%; -7.100%]
• 🟩 throughput [+85.152op/s; +163.400op/s] or [+9.181%; +17.618%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.CharSliceBenchmark.OriginalCharSlice net6.0

• 🟩 execution_time [-178.561µs; -115.016µs] or [-9.045%; -5.826%]
• 🟩 throughput [+34.148op/s; +50.950op/s] or [+6.741%; +10.058%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.ElasticsearchBenchmark.CallElasticsearch net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+240 bytes; +241 bytes] or [+30.047%; +30.058%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+304.565ms; +306.390ms] or [+153.373%; +154.292%]
• 🟥 throughput [-64164.298op/s; -62640.511op/s] or [-20.647%; -20.156%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.ElasticsearchBenchmark.CallElasticsearch net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+12.114%; +12.124%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+300.231ms; +302.175ms] or [+150.446%; +151.421%]
• 🟥 throughput [-145146.590op/s; -139543.254op/s] or [-22.884%; -22.000%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.ElasticsearchBenchmark.CallElasticsearch netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+12.114%; +12.124%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+302.227ms; +305.605ms] or [+151.826%; +153.523%]
• 🟥 throughput [-104049.499op/s; -96052.321op/s] or [-21.918%; -20.234%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.ElasticsearchBenchmark.CallElasticsearchAsync net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+239 bytes; +240 bytes] or [+27.931%; +27.943%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+302.801ms; +305.096ms] or [+152.056%; +153.209%]
• 🟥 throughput [-57589.037op/s; -55791.951op/s] or [-19.293%; -18.691%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.ElasticsearchBenchmark.CallElasticsearchAsync net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+12.493%; +12.506%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+299.759ms; +303.521ms] or [+148.217%; +150.078%]
• 🟥 throughput [-141878.047op/s; -132406.530op/s] or [-22.859%; -21.333%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.ElasticsearchBenchmark.CallElasticsearchAsync netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+11.422%; +11.434%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+302.751ms; +306.931ms] or [+153.448%; +155.566%]
• 🟥 throughput [-105081.769op/s; -97162.702op/s] or [-22.692%; -20.982%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.GraphQLBenchmark.ExecuteAsync net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+240 bytes; +241 bytes] or [+27.818%; +27.830%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+300.732ms; +303.549ms] or [+150.940%; +152.354%]
• 🟥 throughput [-100912.432op/s; -98945.119op/s] or [-26.179%; -25.669%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.GraphQLBenchmark.ExecuteAsync net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+10.618%; +10.631%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+300.381ms; +312.645ms] or [+149.713%; +155.825%]
• 🟥 throughput [-81879.759op/s; -73004.287op/s] or [-16.259%; -14.496%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.GraphQLBenchmark.ExecuteAsync netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+10.618%; +10.631%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+296.340ms; +300.300ms] or [+147.427%; +149.397%]
• 🟥 throughput [-90144.261op/s; -85229.558op/s] or [-21.337%; -20.174%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.ILoggerBenchmark.EnrichedLog net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+240 bytes; +241 bytes] or [+14.910%; +14.920%]
• 🟥 throughput [-38006.966op/s; -35734.269op/s] or [-15.284%; -14.370%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.ILoggerBenchmark.EnrichedLog net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+5.627%; +5.636%]
• 🟩 execution_time [-16.181ms; -12.473ms] or [-7.524%; -5.800%]
• 🟥 throughput [-40478.066op/s; -33329.783op/s] or [-11.104%; -9.143%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.ILoggerBenchmark.EnrichedLog netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+5.605%; +5.617%]
• 🟥 throughput [-32626.802op/s; -26173.282op/s] or [-11.910%; -9.554%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Iast.StringAspectsBenchmark.StringConcatAspectBenchmark net472

• unstable execution_time [+8.225µs; +50.525µs] or [+2.032%; +12.480%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Iast.StringAspectsBenchmark.StringConcatAspectBenchmark net6.0

• 🟩 allocated_mem [-27.185KB; -27.163KB] or [-9.916%; -9.908%]
• unstable execution_time [-20.149µs; +38.004µs] or [-3.982%; +7.511%]
• unstable throughput [-137.843op/s; +65.036op/s] or [-6.878%; +3.245%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Iast.StringAspectsBenchmark.StringConcatAspectBenchmark netcoreapp3.1

• unstable execution_time [-61.005µs; +1.712µs] or [-10.572%; +0.297%]
• unstable throughput [+11.487op/s; +187.309op/s] or [+0.656%; +10.701%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Iast.StringAspectsBenchmark.StringConcatBenchmark net6.0

• unstable execution_time [+9.625µs; +15.226µs] or [+22.750%; +35.990%]
• 🟥 throughput [-6187.192op/s; -4174.895op/s] or [-26.046%; -17.575%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Iast.StringAspectsBenchmark.StringConcatBenchmark netcoreapp3.1

• unstable execution_time [-14.153µs; -6.781µs] or [-21.959%; -10.520%]
• 🟩 throughput [+1622.264op/s; +3231.243op/s] or [+9.953%; +19.825%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Log4netBenchmark.EnrichedLog net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+242 bytes; +243 bytes] or [+5.366%; +5.378%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+301.933ms; +304.355ms] or [+152.614%; +153.838%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Log4netBenchmark.EnrichedLog net6.0

• 🟥 execution_time [+301.834ms; +304.129ms] or [+153.633%; +154.801%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Log4netBenchmark.EnrichedLog netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 execution_time [+300.231ms; +304.066ms] or [+150.303%; +152.222%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.RedisBenchmark.SendReceive net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+240 bytes; +241 bytes] or [+23.099%; +23.110%]
• 🟥 throughput [-88265.476op/s; -85816.084op/s] or [-24.434%; -23.756%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.RedisBenchmark.SendReceive net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+9.226%; +9.238%]
• 🟥 throughput [-87876.662op/s; -86059.102op/s] or [-16.633%; -16.289%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.RedisBenchmark.SendReceive netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+9.226%; +9.238%]
• 🟥 throughput [-93467.740op/s; -85397.340op/s] or [-22.121%; -20.211%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SerilogBenchmark.EnrichedLog net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+239 bytes; +240 bytes] or [+11.747%; +11.759%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+300.551ms; +302.961ms] or [+149.798%; +150.999%]
• 🟥 throughput [-15292.069op/s; -13787.484op/s] or [-10.098%; -9.104%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SerilogBenchmark.EnrichedLog net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+96 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+6.000%; +6.010%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+301.882ms; +303.631ms] or [+151.591%; +152.469%]
• 🟥 throughput [-15364.990op/s; -12609.306op/s] or [-6.682%; -5.484%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SerilogBenchmark.EnrichedLog netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+5.819%; +5.828%]
• 🟥 execution_time [+302.481ms; +304.992ms] or [+153.399%; +154.672%]
• 🟥 throughput [-16859.104op/s; -14741.159op/s] or [-9.495%; -8.302%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SingleSpanAspNetCoreBenchmark.SingleSpanAspNetCore net472

• 🟥 execution_time [+299.408ms; +300.249ms] or [+149.347%; +149.766%]
• 🟩 throughput [+61020732.155op/s; +61375547.283op/s] or [+44.439%; +44.697%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SingleSpanAspNetCoreBenchmark.SingleSpanAspNetCore net6.0

• 🟥 execution_time [+420.510ms; +428.292ms] or [+522.979%; +532.657%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SingleSpanAspNetCoreBenchmark.SingleSpanAspNetCore netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 execution_time [+299.230ms; +300.234ms] or [+149.249%; +149.750%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SpanBenchmark.StartFinishScope net472

• 🟥 throughput [-101898.040op/s; -98046.062op/s] or [-11.372%; -10.942%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SpanBenchmark.StartFinishSpan net472

• 🟥 throughput [-163975.084op/s; -158481.822op/s] or [-15.010%; -14.507%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.TraceAnnotationsBenchmark.RunOnMethodBegin net472

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+239 bytes; +240 bytes] or [+39.335%; +39.349%]
• 🟥 throughput [-230786.596op/s; -225863.365op/s] or [-33.777%; -33.056%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.TraceAnnotationsBenchmark.RunOnMethodBegin net6.0

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+14.810%; +14.823%]
• 🟥 throughput [-194833.952op/s; -177872.006op/s] or [-21.768%; -19.873%]

scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.TraceAnnotationsBenchmark.RunOnMethodBegin netcoreapp3.1

• 🟥 allocated_mem [+95 bytes; +96 bytes] or [+14.810%; +14.821%]
• 🟥 throughput [-184469.881op/s; -168409.678op/s] or [-25.757%; -23.514%]

Known flaky benchmarks without significant changes:

• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Asm.AppSecBodyBenchmark.ObjectExtractorSimpleBody net472
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.CharSliceBenchmark.OptimizedCharSlice net472
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.CharSliceBenchmark.OptimizedCharSlice net6.0
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.CharSliceBenchmark.OptimizedCharSliceWithPool net472
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.CharSliceBenchmark.OptimizedCharSliceWithPool netcoreapp3.1
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.CharSliceBenchmark.OriginalCharSlice net472
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.CharSliceBenchmark.OriginalCharSlice netcoreapp3.1
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.Iast.StringAspectsBenchmark.StringConcatBenchmark net472
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SpanBenchmark.StartFinishScope net6.0
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SpanBenchmark.StartFinishScope netcoreapp3.1
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SpanBenchmark.StartFinishSpan net6.0
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SpanBenchmark.StartFinishSpan netcoreapp3.1
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SpanBenchmark.StartFinishTwoScopes net472
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SpanBenchmark.StartFinishTwoScopes net6.0
• scenario:Benchmarks.Trace.SpanBenchmark.StartFinishTwoScopes netcoreapp3.1