diff --git a/pedalboard/process.h b/pedalboard/process.h
index 22e0e265..1e01e921 100644
--- a/pedalboard/process.h
+++ b/pedalboard/process.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "JuceHeader.h"
 
+#include <cmath>
 #include <pybind11/numpy.h>
 #include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
 
@@ -29,6 +30,44 @@ namespace py = pybind11;
 
 namespace Pedalboard {
 
+/**
+ * Check if the given audio buffer looks like it contains integer-valued
+ * samples (e.g.: raw 16-bit PCM values like -32768 to 32767) rather than
+ * the expected floating-point samples in the [-1, 1] range.
+ *
+ * The heuristic: if EVERY sample is an exact integer (f == std::trunc(f))
+ * AND at least one sample falls outside [-1, 1], the user almost certainly
+ * passed unconverted integer data.
+ */
+inline void
+throwIfInputLooksLikeIntegerSamples(const juce::AudioBuffer<float> &buffer) {
+  bool allInteger = true;
+  bool anyOutsideUnitRange = false;
+
+  for (int c = 0; c < buffer.getNumChannels() && allInteger; c++) {
+    const float *data = buffer.getReadPointer(c);
+    for (int s = 0; s < buffer.getNumSamples(); s++) {
+      float f = data[s];
+      if (f != std::trunc(f)) {
+        allInteger = false;
+        break;
+      }
+      if (f < -1.0f || f > 1.0f) {
+        anyOutsideUnitRange = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (allInteger && anyOutsideUnitRange) {
+    throw std::domain_error(
+        "The provided audio data looks like it contains integer samples "
+        "(all values are whole numbers, with at least one outside the "
+        "[-1, 1] range). Pedalboard expects floating-point audio samples "
+        "in the range [-1.0, 1.0]. If your audio is 16-bit integer data, "
+        "divide by 32768.0; if 32-bit integer, divide by 2147483648.0.");
+  }
+}
+
 inline int process(juce::AudioBuffer<float> &ioBuffer,
                    juce::dsp::ProcessSpec spec,
                    const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Plugin>> &plugins,
@@ -174,6 +213,8 @@ processFloat32(const py::array_t<float, py::array::c_style> inputArray,
   juce::AudioBuffer<float> ioBuffer =
       copyPyArrayIntoJuceBuffer(inputArray, {inputChannelLayout});
 
+  throwIfInputLooksLikeIntegerSamples(ioBuffer);
+
   if (ioBuffer.getNumChannels() == 0) {
     unsigned int numChannels = 0;
     unsigned int numSamples = ioBuffer.getNumSamples();
diff --git a/tests/test_python_interface.py b/tests/test_python_interface.py
index bdf4d9e7..ab95fa3e 100644
--- a/tests/test_python_interface.py
+++ b/tests/test_python_interface.py
@@ -102,3 +102,42 @@ def test_is_list_like():
 
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
         pb[0] = "not a plugin"  # type: ignore
+
+
+def test_error_on_integer_samples_outside_unit_range(sr=44100):
+    """Passing integer-valued samples that exceed [-1, 1] should raise a
+    descriptive error telling the user to convert to float."""
+    # Simulate raw 16-bit PCM data cast to float32
+    int_samples = np.array([-32768, -16384, 0, 16384, 32767], dtype=np.float32)
+    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="integer samples"):
+        Pedalboard([Gain(0)]).process(int_samples, sr)
+
+
+def test_error_on_integer_samples_2d(sr=44100):
+    """Same check should trigger for 2-D (multi-channel) arrays."""
+    int_samples = np.array([[0, 100, 200, -300]], dtype=np.float32)
+    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="integer samples"):
+        Pedalboard([Gain(0)]).process(int_samples, sr)
+
+
+def test_no_error_on_silence(sr=44100):
+    """All-zero (silence) is integer-valued but within [-1, 1], so it
+    must NOT trigger the integer-sample check."""
+    silence = np.zeros(44100, dtype=np.float32)
+    output = Pedalboard([Gain(0)]).process(silence, sr)
+    assert output.shape == silence.shape
+
+
+def test_no_error_on_normal_float_audio(sr=44100):
+    """Normal float audio in [-1, 1] should process without error."""
+    audio = np.random.uniform(-1.0, 1.0, 44100).astype(np.float32)
+    output = Pedalboard([Gain(0)]).process(audio, sr)
+    assert output.shape == audio.shape
+
+
+def test_no_error_on_quiet_integer_valued_audio(sr=44100):
+    """Integer-valued samples that stay within [-1, 1] (e.g. 0, 1, -1)
+    should NOT trigger the check, to avoid false positives."""
+    quiet = np.array([0.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0], dtype=np.float32)
+    output = Pedalboard([Gain(0)]).process(quiet, sr)
+    assert output.shape == quiet.shape