diff --git a/packages/chain-adapters/src/error/ErrorHandler.ts b/packages/chain-adapters/src/error/ErrorHandler.ts
index ebed120575d..af56ae2cf8e 100644
--- a/packages/chain-adapters/src/error/ErrorHandler.ts
+++ b/packages/chain-adapters/src/error/ErrorHandler.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,14 @@ const isResponseError = (err: unknown): err is unchained.ResponseError => {
   )
 }
 
+const stringifyError = (error: unknown): string => {
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(error) ?? String(error)
+  } catch {
+    return String(error)
+  }
+}
+
 export class ChainAdapterError extends Error {
   metadata: ErrorMetadata
 
@@ -25,7 +33,7 @@ export class ChainAdapterError extends Error {
     } else if (error instanceof Error || error instanceof ChainAdapterError) {
       super(error.message)
     } else {
-      super(`Unknown Error: ${error}`)
+      super(`Unknown Error: ${stringifyError(error)}`)
     }
 
     this.name = this.constructor.name
diff --git a/packages/chain-adapters/src/evm/EvmBaseAdapter.ts b/packages/chain-adapters/src/evm/EvmBaseAdapter.ts
index e0fa540f79d..52de9abaaa1 100644
--- a/packages/chain-adapters/src/evm/EvmBaseAdapter.ts
+++ b/packages/chain-adapters/src/evm/EvmBaseAdapter.ts
@@ -799,7 +799,11 @@ export abstract class EvmBaseAdapter<T extends EvmChainId> implements IChainAdap
       await this.assertSwitchChain(wallet)
       await verifyLedgerAppOpen(this.chainId, wallet)
 
-      const signedMessage = await wallet.ethSignMessage(messageToSign)
+      const message = isHex(messageToSign.message)
+        ? messageToSign.message
+        : toHex(messageToSign.message)
+
+      const signedMessage = await wallet.ethSignMessage({ ...messageToSign, message })
 
       if (!signedMessage) throw new Error('error signing message')
 
diff --git a/packages/chain-adapters/src/evm/ethereum/EthereumChainAdapter.test.ts b/packages/chain-adapters/src/evm/ethereum/EthereumChainAdapter.test.ts
index 26e8a7408af..642df891159 100644
--- a/packages/chain-adapters/src/evm/ethereum/EthereumChainAdapter.test.ts
+++ b/packages/chain-adapters/src/evm/ethereum/EthereumChainAdapter.test.ts
@@ -422,6 +422,39 @@ describe('EthereumChainAdapter', () => {
 
       await expect(adapter.signMessage(message)).rejects.toThrow(/error signing message/)
     })
+
+    it('should hex encode a utf8 message before passing it to the wallet', async () => {
+      const adapter = new ethereum.ChainAdapter(makeChainAdapterArgs())
+      const wallet = await getWallet()
+      const addressNList = toAddressNList(adapter.getBip44Params({ accountNumber: 0 }))
+
+      const ethSignMessage = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ address: '0x', signature: '0xsig' })
+      wallet.ethSignMessage = ethSignMessage
+
+      await adapter.signMessage({
+        wallet,
+        messageToSign: { message: 'Hello world 111', addressNList },
+      })
+
+      expect(ethSignMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        message: '0x48656c6c6f20776f726c6420313131',
+        addressNList,
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should pass a hex message to the wallet unchanged', async () => {
+      const adapter = new ethereum.ChainAdapter(makeChainAdapterArgs())
+      const wallet = await getWallet()
+      const addressNList = toAddressNList(adapter.getBip44Params({ accountNumber: 0 }))
+      const message = '0x48656c6c6f20776f726c6420313131'
+
+      const ethSignMessage = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ address: '0x', signature: '0xsig' })
+      wallet.ethSignMessage = ethSignMessage
+
+      await adapter.signMessage({ wallet, messageToSign: { message, addressNList } })
+
+      expect(ethSignMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ message, addressNList })
+    })
   })
 
   describe('broadcastTransaction', () => {
diff --git a/packages/hdwallet-integration/src/wallets/trezor.ts b/packages/hdwallet-integration/src/wallets/trezor.ts
index 56ab0fb16c9..9dbdbe74c1a 100644
--- a/packages/hdwallet-integration/src/wallets/trezor.ts
+++ b/packages/hdwallet-integration/src/wallets/trezor.ts
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ export class MockTransport extends trezor.TrezorTransport {
       {
         path: [2147483692, 2147483708, 2147483648, 0, 0],
         message: '0x48656c6c6f20576f726c64', // "Hello World"
+        hex: true,
       },
       {
         success: true,
diff --git a/packages/hdwallet-trezor/src/ethereum.ts b/packages/hdwallet-trezor/src/ethereum.ts
index 3d769077bd0..2100b735aab 100644
--- a/packages/hdwallet-trezor/src/ethereum.ts
+++ b/packages/hdwallet-trezor/src/ethereum.ts
@@ -106,8 +106,12 @@ export async function ethSignMessage(
   const res = await transport.call('ethereumSignMessage', {
     path: msg.addressNList,
     message: msg.message,
+    hex: true,
   })
   handleError(transport, res, 'Could not sign ETH message with Trezor')
+  if (!res.payload.signature) {
+    throw new Error(`Could not sign ETH message with Trezor: '${JSON.stringify(res.payload)}'`)
+  }
   return {
     address: res.payload.address,
     signature: '0x' + res.payload.signature,
diff --git a/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/WalletConnectModalManager.tsx b/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/WalletConnectModalManager.tsx
index 20741d47756..0dd08b95cd7 100644
--- a/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/WalletConnectModalManager.tsx
+++ b/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/WalletConnectModalManager.tsx
@@ -207,21 +207,34 @@ export const WalletConnectModalManager: FC<WalletConnectModalManagerProps> = ({
       const selectedAccountId = customTransactionData?.accountId || accountId
       const selectedAccountMetadata = portfolioAccountMetadata[selectedAccountId ?? '']
 
-      const approvalResponse = await approveSessionAuthRequest({
-        wallet,
-        web3wallet,
-        sessionAuthRequest,
-        customTransactionData,
-        accountId,
-        accountMetadata: selectedAccountMetadata,
-      })
+      try {
+        const approvalResponse = await approveSessionAuthRequest({
+          wallet,
+          web3wallet,
+          sessionAuthRequest,
+          customTransactionData,
+          accountId,
+          accountMetadata: selectedAccountMetadata,
+        })
 
-      if (!approvalResponse?.session) return
+        if (!approvalResponse?.session) return
 
-      dispatch({
-        type: WalletConnectActionType.ADD_SESSION,
-        payload: approvalResponse.session,
-      })
+        dispatch({
+          type: WalletConnectActionType.ADD_SESSION,
+          payload: approvalResponse.session,
+        })
+      } catch (e) {
+        console.error('[WC Auth] request failed:', e)
+        await web3wallet
+          .rejectSessionAuthenticate({
+            id: sessionAuthRequest.id,
+            reason: {
+              code: getSdkError('USER_REJECTED').code,
+              message: e instanceof Error && e.message ? e.message : 'Unknown error',
+            },
+          })
+          .catch(error => console.error('[WC Auth] reject failed:', error))
+      }
 
       handleClose()
     },
diff --git a/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/components/modals/SessionAuthenticateConfirmation.tsx b/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/components/modals/SessionAuthenticateConfirmation.tsx
index 5b2908ea262..f4a08336242 100644
--- a/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/components/modals/SessionAuthenticateConfirmation.tsx
+++ b/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/components/modals/SessionAuthenticateConfirmation.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { SessionProposalOverview } from '@/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/componen
 import { PeerMeta } from '@/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/components/PeerMeta'
 import { MessageContent } from '@/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/components/WalletConnectSigningModal/content/MessageContent'
 import type { CustomTransactionData } from '@/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/types'
+import { getSessionAuthIss } from '@/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/utils/SessionAuthRequestHandlerUtil'
 import type { WalletConnectSessionAuthModalProps } from '@/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/WalletConnectModalManager'
 import {
   selectAccountIdsByAccountNumberAndChainId,
@@ -71,13 +72,10 @@ export const SessionAuthenticateConfirmation: FC<WalletConnectSessionAuthModalPr
     if (!sessionAuthPayload || !accountId || !state.web3wallet || !chainId)
       return translate('plugins.walletConnectToDapps.modal.sessionAuth.invalidRequest')
 
-    // Build DID:PKH identifier for SIWE message (accountId is already in chainId:address format)
-    const iss = `did:pkh:${accountId}`
-
     try {
       const message = state.web3wallet.formatAuthMessage({
         request: sessionAuthPayload,
-        iss,
+        iss: getSessionAuthIss(accountId),
       })
       return message
     } catch (error) {
diff --git a/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/eventsManager/useWalletConnectEventsManager.ts b/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/eventsManager/useWalletConnectEventsManager.ts
index 110585ac62c..e000321c325 100644
--- a/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/eventsManager/useWalletConnectEventsManager.ts
+++ b/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/eventsManager/useWalletConnectEventsManager.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
-import { formatJsonRpcResult } from '@json-rpc-tools/utils'
+import { formatJsonRpcError, formatJsonRpcResult } from '@json-rpc-tools/utils'
 import type { WalletKitTypes } from '@reown/walletkit'
+import { isKeepKey } from '@shapeshiftoss/hdwallet-keepkey'
+import { isTrezor } from '@shapeshiftoss/hdwallet-trezor'
 import type { PairingJsonRpcTypes, SignClientTypes } from '@walletconnect/types'
+import { getSdkError } from '@walletconnect/utils'
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo } from 'react'
 
+import { useWallet } from '@/hooks/useWallet/useWallet'
 import { useWalletConnectEventsHandler } from '@/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/eventsManager/useWalletConnectEventsHandler'
 import type {
   SupportedSessionRequest,
@@ -37,6 +41,16 @@ export const useWalletConnectEventsManager = (
   const { handleSessionProposal, handleSessionAuthRequest, handleSessionRequest } =
     useWalletConnectEventsHandler(dispatch, state.web3wallet)
 
+  const {
+    state: { wallet },
+  } = useWallet()
+
+  // KeepKey and Trezor One can't sign the >1024 byte session_authenticate message, with no listener the dApp's fallback proposal is used
+  const supportsSessionAuthenticate = useMemo(
+    () => !(wallet && (isKeepKey(wallet) || isTrezor(wallet))),
+    [wallet],
+  )
+
   const signClientEvents = useMemo(() => state.web3wallet?.engine.signClient.events, [state])
   const pairingEvents = useMemo(() => state.core?.pairing.events, [state])
 
@@ -53,7 +67,16 @@ export const useWalletConnectEventsManager = (
         })
       }
 
-      if (!isSupportedSessionRequest(request)) return
+      // The sign client holds back later requests until the current one is responded to
+      if (!isSupportedSessionRequest(request)) {
+        console.warn(`Unsupported WalletConnect request: ${request.params.request.method}`)
+        state.web3wallet?.respondSessionRequest({
+          topic: request.topic,
+          response: formatJsonRpcError(request.id, getSdkError('UNSUPPORTED_METHODS')),
+        })
+        return
+      }
+
       handleSessionRequest(request)
     },
     [handleSessionRequest, state.web3wallet],
@@ -105,7 +128,9 @@ export const useWalletConnectEventsManager = (
     signClientEvents?.on('session_update', sessionUpdateListener)
     signClientEvents?.on('session_delete', sessionDeleteListener)
 
-    state.web3wallet?.on('session_authenticate', handleSessionAuthRequest)
+    if (supportsSessionAuthenticate) {
+      state.web3wallet?.on('session_authenticate', handleSessionAuthRequest)
+    }
 
     // Pairing events
     pairingEvents?.on('pairing_ping', pairingPingListener)
@@ -140,5 +165,6 @@ export const useWalletConnectEventsManager = (
     sessionRequestListener,
     sessionUpdateListener,
     pairingPingListener,
+    supportsSessionAuthenticate,
   ])
 }
diff --git a/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/utils/SessionAuthRequestHandlerUtil.ts b/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/utils/SessionAuthRequestHandlerUtil.ts
index 2718acdcc0b..365efed7ce9 100644
--- a/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/utils/SessionAuthRequestHandlerUtil.ts
+++ b/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/utils/SessionAuthRequestHandlerUtil.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import type { IWalletKit, WalletKitTypes } from '@reown/walletkit'
+import type { AccountId } from '@shapeshiftoss/caip'
+import { fromAccountId } from '@shapeshiftoss/caip'
 import { toAddressNList } from '@shapeshiftoss/chain-adapters'
 import type { HDWallet } from '@shapeshiftoss/hdwallet-core'
 import type { AccountMetadata } from '@shapeshiftoss/types'
+import { getAddress } from 'viem'
 
 import { assertGetEvmChainAdapter } from '@/lib/utils/evm'
 import type { CustomTransactionData } from '@/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/types'
@@ -11,10 +14,16 @@ type ApproveSessionAuthRequestArgs = {
   web3wallet: IWalletKit
   sessionAuthRequest: WalletKitTypes.EventArguments['session_authenticate']
   customTransactionData?: CustomTransactionData
-  accountId?: string
+  accountId?: AccountId
   accountMetadata?: AccountMetadata
 }
 
+// DID:PKH identifier of the signer (iss in SIWE), EIP-4361 requires the address to be EIP-55 checksummed
+export const getSessionAuthIss = (accountId: AccountId): string => {
+  const { chainId, account } = fromAccountId(accountId)
+  return `did:pkh:${chainId}:${getAddress(account)}`
+}
+
 export const approveSessionAuthRequest = async ({
   wallet,
   web3wallet,
@@ -33,10 +42,7 @@ export const approveSessionAuthRequest = async ({
 
   const chainAdapter = assertGetEvmChainAdapter(selectedChainId)
 
-  // Build the DID:PKH identifier from the account ID (iss = issuer in SIWE)
-  // Format: did:pkh:<account_id> where account_id is already chainId:address format
-  // See: https://docs.reown.com/advanced/multichain/rpc-reference/ethereum-rpc#session_authenticate
-  const iss = `did:pkh:${selectedAccountId}`
+  const iss = getSessionAuthIss(selectedAccountId)
 
   const message = web3wallet.formatAuthMessage({
     request: authPayload,
diff --git a/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/utils/createApprovalNamespaces.test.ts b/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/utils/createApprovalNamespaces.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..45d42b146a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/utils/createApprovalNamespaces.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+
+import { createApprovalNamespaces } from './createApprovalNamespaces'
+
+describe('createApprovalNamespaces', () => {
+  it('lists the approved chains in account order', () => {
+    const address = '0x6bf198c2b5c8e48af4e876bc2173175b89b1da0c'
+    const baseAccountId = `eip155:8453:${address}`
+    const ethAccountId = `eip155:1:${address}`
+
+    const optionalNamespaces = {
+      eip155: {
+        chains: ['eip155:8453'],
+        methods: ['personal_sign'],
+        events: ['chainChanged', 'accountsChanged'],
+      },
+    }
+
+    const namespaces = createApprovalNamespaces(
+      {},
+      optionalNamespaces,
+      [baseAccountId, ethAccountId],
+      ['eip155:8453', 'eip155:1'],
+    )
+
+    expect(namespaces.eip155.accounts).toEqual([baseAccountId, ethAccountId])
+    expect(namespaces.eip155.chains).toEqual(['eip155:8453', 'eip155:1'])
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/utils/createApprovalNamespaces.ts b/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/utils/createApprovalNamespaces.ts
index 6943be2babc..60ef9245229 100644
--- a/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/utils/createApprovalNamespaces.ts
+++ b/src/plugins/walletConnectToDapps/utils/createApprovalNamespaces.ts
@@ -249,5 +249,14 @@ export const createApprovalNamespaces = (
     }
   }
 
-  return approvedNamespaces
+  // dApp connectors such as AppKit read the approved chains from here rather than from the accounts
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(approvedNamespaces).map(([key, namespace]) => [
+      key,
+      {
+        ...namespace,
+        chains: uniq(namespace.accounts.map(account => account.split(':').slice(0, 2).join(':'))),
+      },
+    ]),
+  )
 }