diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yaml b/.github/workflows/test.yaml
index 5f72d0990..277a1117d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yaml
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ jobs:
           - '3.12'
           - '3.13'
           - '3.14'
-        tox_env: ['sqlalchemy14', 'sqlalchemy2']
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     services:
       postgres:
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run tests
         env:
           SQLALCHEMY_UTILS_TEST_POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD: postgres
-        run: tox -e ${{ matrix.tox_env }}
+        run: tox -e py${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
   docs:
     runs-on: 'ubuntu-latest'
diff --git a/CHANGES.rst b/CHANGES.rst
index 8e6bfb506..4966569c2 100644
--- a/CHANGES.rst
+++ b/CHANGES.rst
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Here you can see the full list of changes between each SQLAlchemy-Utils release.
 Unreleased
 ^^^^^^^^^^
 
+- Drop support for sqlalchemy 1.4.
 - Drop support for Python 3.9.
 - Support Python 3.14.
 - Fix ``ChoiceType`` returning the raw scalar instead of a ``Choice`` for falsy codes such as ``0`` or the empty string. (#813)
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index b0fecdc54..76239815f 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ classifiers = [
     "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
 ]
 dependencies = [
-    "SQLAlchemy>=1.4",
+    "SQLAlchemy>=2.0",
 ]
 
 [project.urls]
diff --git a/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/database.py b/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/database.py
index bda84c2fb..b0c0bc301 100644
--- a/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/database.py
+++ b/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/database.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import itertools
 import os
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
-from copy import copy
 
 import sqlalchemy as sa
 from sqlalchemy.engine.url import make_url
@@ -416,13 +415,8 @@ def _set_url_database(url: sa.engine.url.URL, database):
     :param database: New database to set.
 
     """
-    if hasattr(url, '_replace'):
-        # Cannot use URL.set() as database may need to be set to None.
-        ret = url._replace(database=database)
-    else:  # SQLAlchemy <1.4
-        url = copy(url)
-        url.database = database
-        ret = url
+    # Cannot use URL.set() as database may need to be set to None.
+    ret = url._replace(database=database)
     assert ret.database == database, ret
     return ret
 
diff --git a/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/mock.py b/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/mock.py
index dd7a075f9..cc7df6da9 100644
--- a/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/mock.py
+++ b/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/mock.py
@@ -47,10 +47,7 @@ def render_literal_value(self, value, type_):
         def dump(*args, **kw):
             return None
 
-    try:
-        engine = sa.create_mock_engine(bind_url, executor=dump)
-    except AttributeError:  # SQLAlchemy <1.4
-        engine = sa.create_engine(bind_url, strategy='mock', executor=dump)
+    engine = sa.create_mock_engine(bind_url, executor=dump)
     return engine
 
 
diff --git a/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/orm.py b/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/orm.py
index 60c10b4db..fbe1cbab6 100644
--- a/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/orm.py
+++ b/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/orm.py
@@ -10,10 +10,7 @@
 from sqlalchemy.orm.attributes import InstrumentedAttribute
 from sqlalchemy.orm.exc import UnmappedInstanceError
 
-try:
-    from sqlalchemy.orm.context import _ColumnEntity, _MapperEntity
-except ImportError:  # SQLAlchemy <1.4
-    from sqlalchemy.orm.query import _ColumnEntity, _MapperEntity
+from sqlalchemy.orm.context import _ColumnEntity, _MapperEntity
 
 from sqlalchemy.orm.session import object_session
 from sqlalchemy.orm.util import AliasedInsp
@@ -281,12 +278,9 @@ def get_mapper(mixed):
     if isinstance(mixed, sa.orm.attributes.InstrumentedAttribute):
         mixed = mixed.class_
     if isinstance(mixed, sa.Table):
-        if hasattr(mapperlib, '_all_registries'):
-            all_mappers = set()
-            for mapper_registry in mapperlib._all_registries():
-                all_mappers.update(mapper_registry.mappers)
-        else:  # SQLAlchemy <1.4
-            all_mappers = mapperlib._mapper_registry
+        all_mappers = set()
+        for mapper_registry in mapperlib._all_registries():
+            all_mappers.update(mapper_registry.mappers)
         mappers = [mapper for mapper in all_mappers if mixed in mapper.tables]
         if len(mappers) > 1:
             raise ValueError("Multiple mappers found for table '%s'." % mixed.name)
@@ -449,11 +443,10 @@ def get_columns(mixed):
         SA Table object, SA Mapper, SA declarative class, SA declarative class
         instance or an alias of any of these objects
     """
+    if isinstance(mixed, sa.SelectBase):
+        return mixed.subquery().c
     if isinstance(mixed, sa.sql.selectable.Selectable):
-        try:
-            return mixed.selected_columns
-        except AttributeError:  # SQLAlchemy <1.4
-            return mixed.c
+        return mixed.c
     if isinstance(mixed, sa.orm.util.AliasedClass):
         return sa.inspect(mixed).mapper.columns
     if isinstance(mixed, sa.orm.Mapper):
@@ -520,10 +513,7 @@ def quote(mixed, ident):
 
 
 def _get_query_compile_state(query):
-    if hasattr(query, '_compile_state'):
-        return query._compile_state()
-    else:  # SQLAlchemy <1.4
-        return query
+    return query._compile_state()
 
 
 def get_polymorphic_mappers(mixed):
@@ -878,7 +868,4 @@ def naturally_equivalent(obj, obj2):
 
 
 def _get_class_registry(class_):
-    try:
-        return class_.registry._class_registry
-    except AttributeError:  # SQLAlchemy <1.4
-        return class_._decl_class_registry
+    return class_.registry._class_registry
diff --git a/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/sort_query.py b/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/sort_query.py
index 3c1b008e4..9375b0738 100644
--- a/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/sort_query.py
+++ b/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/sort_query.py
@@ -40,10 +40,7 @@ def make_order_by_deterministic(query):
     """
     order_by_func = sa.asc
 
-    try:
-        order_by_clauses = query._order_by_clauses
-    except AttributeError:  # SQLAlchemy <1.4
-        order_by_clauses = query._order_by
+    order_by_clauses = query._order_by_clauses
     if not order_by_clauses:
         column = None
     else:
diff --git a/sqlalchemy_utils/types/uuid.py b/sqlalchemy_utils/types/uuid.py
index 60a86379a..c4480242b 100644
--- a/sqlalchemy_utils/types/uuid.py
+++ b/sqlalchemy_utils/types/uuid.py
@@ -3,11 +3,8 @@
 from sqlalchemy import types, util
 from sqlalchemy.dialects import mssql, postgresql
 
-from ..compat import get_sqlalchemy_version
 from .scalar_coercible import ScalarCoercible
 
-sqlalchemy_version = get_sqlalchemy_version()
-
 
 class UUIDType(ScalarCoercible, types.TypeDecorator):
     """
@@ -71,16 +68,8 @@ def _coerce(value):
 
         return value
 
-    # sqlalchemy >= 1.4.30 quotes UUID's automatically.
-    # It is only necessary to quote UUID's in sqlalchemy < 1.4.30.
-    if sqlalchemy_version < (1, 4, 30):
-
-        def process_literal_param(self, value, dialect):
-            return f"'{value}'" if value else value
-    else:
-
-        def process_literal_param(self, value, dialect):
-            return value
+    def process_literal_param(self, value, dialect):
+        return value
 
     def process_bind_param(self, value, dialect):
         if value is None:
diff --git a/tests/functions/test_database.py b/tests/functions/test_database.py
index cdd631ad6..5f81ca507 100644
--- a/tests/functions/test_database.py
+++ b/tests/functions/test_database.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 import sqlalchemy as sa
 
 from sqlalchemy_utils import create_database, database_exists, drop_database
-from sqlalchemy_utils.compat import get_sqlalchemy_version
 
 pymysql = None
 try:
@@ -10,8 +9,6 @@
 except ImportError:
     pass
 
-sqlalchemy_version = get_sqlalchemy_version()
-
 
 class DatabaseTest:
     def test_create_and_drop(self, dsn):
@@ -101,7 +98,6 @@ def dsn(self, postgresql_db_user, postgresql_db_password):
         )
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif('sqlalchemy_version < (2, 0, 0)')
 class TestDatabasePostgresPsycoPG3(DatabaseTest):
 
     @pytest.fixture
diff --git a/tests/types/test_json.py b/tests/types/test_json.py
index d6ae64157..2ab58102c 100644
--- a/tests/types/test_json.py
+++ b/tests/types/test_json.py
@@ -82,10 +82,7 @@ def test_compilation(self, Document, session):
     def test_unhashable_type(self, AAA, BBB, session):
         """Verify there are no TypeErrors with certain JSON queries.
 
-        This test will fail under these conditions:
-
-        1.  sqlalchemy versions 1.4.19 through 1.4.23 are installed.
-        2.  `JSONType.hashable` is not set to False.
+        This test will fail if `JSONType.hashable` is not set to False.
 
         For more info, see:
 
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index ff06d92a7..8aaf02138 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [tox]
 envlist =
-    py{3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14}-sqlalchemy{14, 2}
+    py{3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14}
     ruff
     docs
 labels =
@@ -12,22 +12,6 @@ commands =
 deps =
     .[test_all]
     pytest-cov
-    sqlalchemy14: SQLAlchemy>=1.4,<1.5
-    sqlalchemy2: SQLAlchemy>=2
-    ; It's sometimes necessary to test against specific sqlalchemy versions
-    ; to verify bug or feature behavior before or after a specific version.
-    ;
-    ; You can choose the sqlalchemy version using this command syntax:
-    ; $ tox -e py39-sqlalchemy1_4_xx
-    ;
-    ; sqlalchemy 1.4.19 through 1.4.23 have JSON-related TypeErrors. See #543.
-    sqlalchemy1_4_19: SQLAlchemy==1.4.19
-    ; sqlalchemy <1.4.28 threw a DeprecationWarning when copying a URL. See #573.
-    sqlalchemy1_4_27: SQLAlchemy==1.4.27
-    ; sqlalchemy 1.4.30 introduced UUID literal quoting. See #580.
-    sqlalchemy1_4_29: SQLAlchemy==1.4.29
-setenv =
-    SQLALCHEMY_WARN_20 = true
 passenv =
     SQLALCHEMY_UTILS_TEST_*
 recreate = True