diff --git a/packages/react-dom-bindings/src/client/ReactFiberConfigDOM.js b/packages/react-dom-bindings/src/client/ReactFiberConfigDOM.js
index 727ec694bb..c2877d4be0 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom-bindings/src/client/ReactFiberConfigDOM.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom-bindings/src/client/ReactFiberConfigDOM.js
@@ -3093,7 +3093,7 @@ function normalizeListenerOptions(
     return `c=${opts ? '1' : '0'}`;
   }
 
-  return `c=${opts.capture ? '1' : '0'}&o=${opts.once ? '1' : '0'}&p=${opts.passive ? '1' : '0'}`;
+  return `c=${opts.capture ? '1' : '0'}`;
 }
 function indexOfEventListener(
   eventListeners: Array<StoredEventListener>,
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFragmentRefs-test.js b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFragmentRefs-test.js
index 3b702648ef..07baa34779 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFragmentRefs-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFragmentRefs-test.js
@@ -814,6 +814,86 @@ describe('FragmentRefs', () => {
         expect(logs).toEqual([]);
       });
 
+        // @gate enableFragmentRefs
+        it(
+          'removes a capture listener registered with boolean when removed with options object',
+          async () => {
+            const fragmentRef = React.createRef(null);
+            function Test() {
+              return (
+                <Fragment ref={fragmentRef}>
+                  <div id="child-a" />
+                </Fragment>
+              );
+            }
+            const root = ReactDOMClient.createRoot(container);
+            await act(() => {
+              root.render(<Test />);
+            });
+
+            const logs = [];
+            function logCapture() {
+              logs.push('capture');
+            }
+
+            // Register with boolean `true` (capture phase)
+            fragmentRef.current.addEventListener('click', logCapture, true);
+            document.querySelector('#child-a').click();
+            expect(logs).toEqual(['capture']);
+
+            logs.length = 0;
+
+            // Remove with equivalent options object {capture: true}
+            // Per DOM spec, these are identical - the listener MUST be removed
+            fragmentRef.current.removeEventListener('click', logCapture, {
+              capture: true,
+            });
+            document.querySelector('#child-a').click();
+            // Listener should have been removed - logs must remain empty
+            expect(logs).toEqual([]);
+          },
+        );
+
+        // @gate enableFragmentRefs
+        it(
+          'removes a capture listener registered with options object when removed with boolean',
+          async () => {
+            const fragmentRef = React.createRef(null);
+            function Test() {
+              return (
+                <Fragment ref={fragmentRef}>
+                  <div id="child-b" />
+                </Fragment>
+              );
+            }
+            const root = ReactDOMClient.createRoot(container);
+            await act(() => {
+              root.render(<Test />);
+            });
+
+            const logs = [];
+            function logCapture() {
+              logs.push('capture');
+            }
+
+            // Register with options object {capture: true}
+            fragmentRef.current.addEventListener('click', logCapture, {
+              capture: true,
+            });
+            document.querySelector('#child-b').click();
+            expect(logs).toEqual(['capture']);
+
+            logs.length = 0;
+
+            // Remove with boolean `true`
+            // Per DOM spec, these are identical - the listener MUST be removed
+            fragmentRef.current.removeEventListener('click', logCapture, true);
+            document.querySelector('#child-b').click();
+            // Listener should have been removed - logs must remain empty
+            expect(logs).toEqual([]);
+          },
+        );
+
       // @gate enableFragmentRefs
       it('applies event listeners to portaled children', async () => {
         const fragmentRef = React.createRef();
@@ -2680,5 +2760,49 @@ describe('FragmentRefs', () => {
       window.scrollTo = originalScrollTo;
       restoreRange();
     });
+
+    // @gate enableFragmentRefs
+    it('does not deduplicate listeners with mismatched passive option', async () => {
+      const fragmentRef = React.createRef();
+      const container = document.createElement('div');
+      document.body.appendChild(container);
+      const root = ReactDOMClient.createRoot(container);
+
+      await act(() => {
+        root.render(
+          <Fragment ref={fragmentRef}>
+            <div id="child" />
+          </Fragment>,
+        );
+      });
+
+      const logs = [];
+      const handler = () => logs.push('fired');
+
+      // Register with passive: false
+      fragmentRef.current.addEventListener('click', handler, {passive: false});
+      // Register with passive: true - DOM spec: these are DIFFERENT listeners
+      fragmentRef.current.addEventListener('click', handler, {passive: true});
+
+      document.querySelector('#child').click();
+      // Both should fire because passive:false and passive:true are distinct
+      expect(logs).toEqual(['fired', 'fired']);
+
+      // Remove with passive: false only removes the passive:false registration
+      fragmentRef.current.removeEventListener('click', handler, {passive: false});
+
+      logs.length = 0;
+      document.querySelector('#child').click();
+      // passive:true listener should still fire
+      expect(logs).toEqual(['fired']);
+
+      fragmentRef.current.removeEventListener('click', handler, {passive: true});
+
+      logs.length = 0;
+      document.querySelector('#child').click();
+      expect(logs).toEqual([]);
+
+      document.body.removeChild(container);
+    });
   });
 });