test_fields.py

import datetime
import math
import os
import re
import uuid
import warnings
from decimal import ROUND_DOWN, ROUND_UP, Decimal
from enum import auto
from unittest.mock import patch
from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo

import django
import pytest
import pytz
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError as DjangoValidationError
from django.db.models import IntegerChoices, TextChoices
from django.http import QueryDict
from django.test import TestCase, override_settings
from django.utils.timezone import activate, deactivate, override

import rest_framework
from rest_framework import exceptions, serializers
from rest_framework.fields import (
    BuiltinSignatureError, DjangoImageField, SkipField, empty,
    is_simple_callable
)
from rest_framework.utils import json
from tests.models import UUIDForeignKeyTarget

utc = datetime.timezone.utc

# Tests for helper functions.
# ---------------------------


class TestIsSimpleCallable:

    def test_method(self):
        class Foo:
            @classmethod
            def classmethod(cls):
                pass

            def valid(self):
                pass

            def valid_kwargs(self, param='value'):
                pass

            def valid_vargs_kwargs(self, *args, **kwargs):
                pass

            def invalid(self, param):
                pass

        assert is_simple_callable(Foo.classmethod)

        # unbound methods
        assert not is_simple_callable(Foo.valid)
        assert not is_simple_callable(Foo.valid_kwargs)
        assert not is_simple_callable(Foo.valid_vargs_kwargs)
        assert not is_simple_callable(Foo.invalid)

        # bound methods
        assert is_simple_callable(Foo().valid)
        assert is_simple_callable(Foo().valid_kwargs)
        assert is_simple_callable(Foo().valid_vargs_kwargs)
        assert not is_simple_callable(Foo().invalid)

    def test_function(self):
        def simple():
            pass

        def valid(param='value', param2='value'):
            pass

        def valid_vargs_kwargs(*args, **kwargs):
            pass

        def invalid(param, param2='value'):
            pass

        assert is_simple_callable(simple)
        assert is_simple_callable(valid)
        assert is_simple_callable(valid_vargs_kwargs)
        assert not is_simple_callable(invalid)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('obj', (True, None, "str", b'bytes', 123, 1.23))
    def test_not_callable(self, obj):
        assert not is_simple_callable(obj)

    def test_4602_regression(self):
        from django.db import models

        class ChoiceModel(models.Model):
            choice_field = models.CharField(
                max_length=1, default='a',
                choices=(('a', 'A'), ('b', 'B')),
            )

            class Meta:
                app_label = 'tests'

        assert is_simple_callable(ChoiceModel().get_choice_field_display)

    def test_builtin_function(self):
        # Built-in function signatures are not easily inspectable, so the
        # current expectation is to just raise a helpful error message.
        timestamp = datetime.datetime.now()

        with pytest.raises(BuiltinSignatureError) as exc_info:
            is_simple_callable(timestamp.date)

        assert str(exc_info.value) == (
            'Built-in function signatures are not inspectable. Wrap the '
            'function call in a simple, pure Python function.')

    def test_type_annotation(self):
        # The annotation will otherwise raise a syntax error in python < 3.5
        locals = {}
        exec("def valid(param: str='value'):  pass", locals)
        valid = locals['valid']

        assert is_simple_callable(valid)


# Tests for field keyword arguments and core functionality.
# ---------------------------------------------------------

class TestEmpty:
    """
    Tests for `required`, `allow_null`, `allow_blank`, `default`.
    """
    def test_required(self):
        """
        By default a field must be included in the input.
        """
        field = serializers.IntegerField()
        with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
            field.run_validation()
        assert exc_info.value.detail == ['This field is required.']

    def test_not_required(self):
        """
        If `required=False` then a field may be omitted from the input.
        """
        field = serializers.IntegerField(required=False)
        with pytest.raises(serializers.SkipField):
            field.run_validation()

    def test_disallow_null(self):
        """
        By default `None` is not a valid input.
        """
        field = serializers.IntegerField()
        with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
            field.run_validation(None)
        assert exc_info.value.detail == ['This field may not be null.']

    def test_allow_null(self):
        """
        If `allow_null=True` then `None` is a valid input.
        """
        field = serializers.IntegerField(allow_null=True)
        output = field.run_validation(None)
        assert output is None

    def test_disallow_blank(self):
        """
        By default '' is not a valid input.
        """
        field = serializers.CharField()
        with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
            field.run_validation('')
        assert exc_info.value.detail == ['This field may not be blank.']

    def test_allow_blank(self):
        """
        If `allow_blank=True` then '' is a valid input.
        """
        field = serializers.CharField(allow_blank=True)
        output = field.run_validation('')
        assert output == ''

    def test_default(self):
        """
        If `default` is set, then omitted values get the default input.
        """
        field = serializers.IntegerField(default=123)
        output = field.run_validation()
        assert output == 123


class TestSource:
    def test_source(self):
        class ExampleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            example_field = serializers.CharField(source='other')
        serializer = ExampleSerializer(data={'example_field': 'abc'})
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'other': 'abc'}

    def test_redundant_source(self):
        class ExampleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            example_field = serializers.CharField(source='example_field')
        with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as exc_info:
            ExampleSerializer().fields
        assert str(exc_info.value) == (
            "It is redundant to specify `source='example_field'` on field "
            "'CharField' in serializer 'ExampleSerializer', because it is the "
            "same as the field name. Remove the `source` keyword argument."
        )

    def test_callable_source(self):
        class ExampleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            example_field = serializers.CharField(source='example_callable')

        class ExampleInstance:
            def example_callable(self):
                return 'example callable value'

        serializer = ExampleSerializer(ExampleInstance())
        assert serializer.data['example_field'] == 'example callable value'

    def test_callable_source_raises(self):
        class ExampleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            example_field = serializers.CharField(source='example_callable', read_only=True)

        class ExampleInstance:
            def example_callable(self):
                raise AttributeError('method call failed')

        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
            serializer = ExampleSerializer(ExampleInstance())
            serializer.data.items()

        assert 'method call failed' in str(exc_info.value)

    def test_builtin_callable_source_raises(self):
        class BuiltinSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            date = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='timestamp.date')

        with pytest.raises(BuiltinSignatureError) as exc_info:
            BuiltinSerializer({'timestamp': datetime.datetime.now()}).data

        assert str(exc_info.value) == (
            'Field source for `BuiltinSerializer.date` maps to a built-in '
            'function type and is invalid. Define a property or method on '
            'the `dict` instance that wraps the call to the built-in function.')


class TestReadOnly:
    def setup_method(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            read_only = serializers.ReadOnlyField(default="789")
            writable = serializers.IntegerField()
        self.Serializer = TestSerializer

    def test_writable_fields(self):
        """
        Read-only fields should not be writable, even with default ()
        """
        serializer = self.Serializer()
        assert len(list(serializer._writable_fields)) == 1

    def test_validate_read_only(self):
        """
        Read-only serializers.should not be included in validation.
        """
        data = {'read_only': 123, 'writable': 456}
        serializer = self.Serializer(data=data)
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'writable': 456}

    def test_serialize_read_only(self):
        """
        Read-only serializers.should be serialized.
        """
        instance = {'read_only': 123, 'writable': 456}
        serializer = self.Serializer(instance)
        assert serializer.data == {'read_only': 123, 'writable': 456}


class TestWriteOnly:
    def setup_method(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            write_only = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)
            readable = serializers.IntegerField()
        self.Serializer = TestSerializer

    def test_validate_write_only(self):
        """
        Write-only serializers.should be included in validation.
        """
        data = {'write_only': 123, 'readable': 456}
        serializer = self.Serializer(data=data)
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'write_only': 123, 'readable': 456}

    def test_serialize_write_only(self):
        """
        Write-only serializers.should not be serialized.
        """
        instance = {'write_only': 123, 'readable': 456}
        serializer = self.Serializer(instance)
        assert serializer.data == {'readable': 456}


class TestInitial:
    def setup_method(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            initial_field = serializers.IntegerField(initial=123)
            blank_field = serializers.IntegerField()
        self.serializer = TestSerializer()

    def test_initial(self):
        """
        Initial values should be included when serializing a new representation.
        """
        assert self.serializer.data == {
            'initial_field': 123,
            'blank_field': None
        }


class TestInitialWithCallable:
    def setup_method(self):
        def initial_value():
            return 123

        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            initial_field = serializers.IntegerField(initial=initial_value)
        self.serializer = TestSerializer()

    def test_initial_should_accept_callable(self):
        """
        Follows the default ``Field.initial`` behavior where they accept a
        callable to produce the initial value"""
        assert self.serializer.data == {
            'initial_field': 123,
        }


class TestLabel:
    def setup_method(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            labeled = serializers.IntegerField(label='My label')
        self.serializer = TestSerializer()

    def test_label(self):
        """
        A field's label may be set with the `label` argument.
        """
        fields = self.serializer.fields
        assert fields['labeled'].label == 'My label'


class TestInvalidErrorKey:
    def setup_method(self):
        class ExampleField(serializers.Field):
            def to_native(self, data):
                self.fail('incorrect')
        self.field = ExampleField()

    def test_invalid_error_key(self):
        """
        If a field raises a validation error, but does not have a corresponding
        error message, then raise an appropriate assertion error.
        """
        with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as exc_info:
            self.field.to_native(123)
        expected = (
            'ValidationError raised by `ExampleField`, but error key '
            '`incorrect` does not exist in the `error_messages` dictionary.'
        )
        assert str(exc_info.value) == expected


class TestBooleanHTMLInput:
    def test_empty_html_checkbox(self):
        """
        HTML checkboxes do not send any value, but should be treated
        as `False` by BooleanField if allow_null=False.
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            archived = serializers.BooleanField()

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict(''))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'archived': False}

    def test_empty_html_checkbox_not_required(self):
        """
        HTML checkboxes do not send any value, but should be treated
        as `False` by BooleanField when the field is required=False
        and allow_null=False.
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            archived = serializers.BooleanField(required=False)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict(''))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'archived': False}

    def test_empty_html_checkbox_allow_null(self):
        """
        HTML checkboxes do not send any value and should be treated
        as `None` by BooleanField if allow_null is True.
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            archived = serializers.BooleanField(allow_null=True)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict(''))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'archived': None}

    def test_empty_html_checkbox_allow_null_with_default(self):
        """
        BooleanField should respect default if set and still allow
        setting null values.
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            archived = serializers.BooleanField(allow_null=True, default=True)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict(''))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'archived': True}

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('archived='))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'archived': None}


class TestHTMLInput:
    def test_empty_html_charfield_with_default(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            message = serializers.CharField(default='happy')

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict(''))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'message': 'happy'}

    def test_empty_html_charfield_without_default(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            message = serializers.CharField(allow_blank=True)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('message='))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'message': ''}

    def test_empty_html_charfield_without_default_not_required(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            message = serializers.CharField(allow_blank=True, required=False)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('message='))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'message': ''}

    def test_empty_html_integerfield(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            message = serializers.IntegerField(default=123)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('message='))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'message': 123}

    def test_empty_html_uuidfield_with_default(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            message = serializers.UUIDField(default=uuid.uuid4)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('message='))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert list(serializer.validated_data) == ['message']

    def test_empty_html_uuidfield_with_optional(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            message = serializers.UUIDField(required=False)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('message='))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert list(serializer.validated_data) == []

    def test_empty_html_charfield_allow_null(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            message = serializers.CharField(allow_null=True)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('message='))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'message': None}

    def test_empty_html_datefield_allow_null(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            expiry = serializers.DateField(allow_null=True)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('expiry='))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'expiry': None}

    def test_empty_html_charfield_allow_null_allow_blank(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            message = serializers.CharField(allow_null=True, allow_blank=True)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('message='))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'message': ''}

    def test_empty_html_charfield_required_false(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            message = serializers.CharField(required=False)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict(''))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {}

    def test_querydict_list_input(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            scores = serializers.ListField(child=serializers.IntegerField())

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('scores=1&scores=3'))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'scores': [1, 3]}

    def test_querydict_list_input_only_one_input(self):
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            scores = serializers.ListField(child=serializers.IntegerField())

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('scores=1&'))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'scores': [1]}

    def test_querydict_list_input_no_values_uses_default(self):
        """
        When there are no values passed in, and default is set
        The field should return the default value
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            a = serializers.IntegerField(required=True)
            scores = serializers.ListField(default=lambda: [1, 3])

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('a=1&'))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'a': 1, 'scores': [1, 3]}

    def test_querydict_list_input_supports_indexed_keys(self):
        """
        When data is passed in the format `scores[0]=1&scores[1]=3`
        The field should return the correct list, ignoring the default
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            scores = serializers.ListField(default=lambda: [1, 3])

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict("scores[0]=5&scores[1]=6"))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'scores': ['5', '6']}

    def test_querydict_list_input_no_values_no_default_and_not_required(self):
        """
        When there are no keys passed, there is no default, and required=False
        The field should be skipped
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            scores = serializers.ListField(required=False)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict(''))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {}

    def test_querydict_list_input_posts_key_but_no_values(self):
        """
        When there are no keys passed, there is no default, and required=False
        The field should return an array of 1 item, blank
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            scores = serializers.ListField(required=False)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('scores=&'))
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'scores': ['']}


class TestCreateOnlyDefault:
    def setup_method(self):
        default = serializers.CreateOnlyDefault('2001-01-01')

        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            published = serializers.HiddenField(default=default)
            text = serializers.CharField()
        self.Serializer = TestSerializer

    def test_create_only_default_is_provided(self):
        serializer = self.Serializer(data={'text': 'example'})
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {
            'text': 'example', 'published': '2001-01-01'
        }

    def test_create_only_default_is_not_provided_on_update(self):
        instance = {
            'text': 'example', 'published': '2001-01-01'
        }
        serializer = self.Serializer(instance, data={'text': 'example'})
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {
            'text': 'example',
        }

    def test_create_only_default_callable_sets_context(self):
        """
        CreateOnlyDefault instances with a callable default should set context
        on the callable if possible
        """
        class TestCallableDefault:
            requires_context = True

            def __call__(self, field=None):
                return "success" if field is not None else "failure"

        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            context_set = serializers.CharField(default=serializers.CreateOnlyDefault(TestCallableDefault()))

        serializer = TestSerializer(data={})
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data['context_set'] == 'success'


class Test5087Regression:
    def test_parent_binding(self):
        parent = serializers.Serializer()
        field = serializers.CharField()

        assert field.root is field
        field.bind('name', parent)
        assert field.root is parent


class TestTyping(TestCase):
    def test_field_is_subscriptable(self):
        assert serializers.Field is serializers.Field["foo"]


# Tests for field input and output values.
# ----------------------------------------

def get_items(mapping_or_list_of_two_tuples):
    # Tests accept either lists of two tuples, or dictionaries.
    if isinstance(mapping_or_list_of_two_tuples, dict):
        # {value: expected}
        return mapping_or_list_of_two_tuples.items()
    # [(value, expected), ...]
    return mapping_or_list_of_two_tuples


class FieldValues:
    """
    Base class for testing valid and invalid input values.
    """
    def test_valid_inputs(self, *args):
        """
        Ensure that valid values return the expected validated data.
        """
        for input_value, expected_output in get_items(self.valid_inputs):
            assert self.field.run_validation(input_value) == expected_output, \
                f'input value: {repr(input_value)}'

    def test_invalid_inputs(self, *args):
        """
        Ensure that invalid values raise the expected validation error.
        """
        for input_value, expected_failure in get_items(self.invalid_inputs):
            with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
                self.field.run_validation(input_value)
            assert exc_info.value.detail == expected_failure, \
                f'input value: {repr(input_value)}'

    def test_outputs(self, *args):
        for output_value, expected_output in get_items(self.outputs):
            assert self.field.to_representation(output_value) == expected_output, \
                f'output value: {repr(output_value)}'


# Boolean types...

class TestBooleanField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `BooleanField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        'True': True,
        'TRUE': True,
        'tRuE': True,
        't': True,
        'T': True,
        'true': True,
        'on': True,
        'ON': True,
        'oN': True,
        'False': False,
        'FALSE': False,
        'fALse': False,
        'f': False,
        'F': False,
        'false': False,
        'off': False,
        'OFF': False,
        'oFf': False,
        '1': True,
        '0': False,
        1: True,
        0: False,
        True: True,
        False: False,
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'foo': ['Must be a valid boolean.'],
        None: ['This field may not be null.']
    }
    outputs = {
        'True': True,
        'TRUE': True,
        'tRuE': True,
        't': True,
        'T': True,
        'true': True,
        'on': True,
        'ON': True,
        'oN': True,
        'False': False,
        'FALSE': False,
        'fALse': False,
        'f': False,
        'F': False,
        'false': False,
        'off': False,
        'OFF': False,
        'oFf': False,
        '1': True,
        '0': False,
        1: True,
        0: False,
        True: True,
        False: False,
        'other': True
    }
    field = serializers.BooleanField()

    def test_disallow_unhashable_collection_types(self):
        inputs = (
            [],
            {},
        )
        field = self.field
        for input_value in inputs:
            with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
                field.run_validation(input_value)
            expected = ['Must be a valid boolean.']
            assert exc_info.value.detail == expected


class TestNullableBooleanField(TestBooleanField):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `BooleanField` when `allow_null=True`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        'true': True,
        'false': False,
        'null': None,
        True: True,
        False: False,
        None: None
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'foo': ['Must be a valid boolean.'],
    }
    outputs = {
        'true': True,
        'false': False,
        'null': None,
        True: True,
        False: False,
        None: None,
        'other': True
    }
    field = serializers.BooleanField(allow_null=True)


# String types...

class TestCharField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `CharField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        1: '1',
        'abc': 'abc'
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        (): ['Not a valid string.'],
        True: ['Not a valid string.'],
        '': ['This field may not be blank.']
    }
    outputs = {
        1: '1',
        'abc': 'abc'
    }
    field = serializers.CharField()

    def test_trim_whitespace_default(self):
        field = serializers.CharField()
        assert field.to_internal_value(' abc ') == 'abc'

    def test_trim_whitespace_disabled(self):
        field = serializers.CharField(trim_whitespace=False)
        assert field.to_internal_value(' abc ') == ' abc '

    def test_disallow_blank_with_trim_whitespace(self):
        field = serializers.CharField(allow_blank=False, trim_whitespace=True)

        with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
            field.run_validation('   ')
        assert exc_info.value.detail == ['This field may not be blank.']

    def test_null_bytes(self):
        field = serializers.CharField()

        for value in ('\0', 'foo\0', '\0foo', 'foo\0foo'):
            with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
                field.run_validation(value)
            assert exc_info.value.detail == [
                'Null characters are not allowed.'
            ]

    def test_surrogate_characters(self):
        field = serializers.CharField()

        for code_point, expected_message in (
            (0xD800, 'Surrogate characters are not allowed: U+D800.'),
            (0xDFFF, 'Surrogate characters are not allowed: U+DFFF.'),
        ):
            with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
                field.run_validation(chr(code_point))
            assert exc_info.value.detail[0].code == 'surrogate_characters_not_allowed'
            assert str(exc_info.value.detail[0]) == expected_message

        for code_point in (0xD800 - 1, 0xDFFF + 1):
            field.run_validation(chr(code_point))

    def test_iterable_validators(self):
        """
        Ensure `validators` parameter is compatible with reasonable iterables.
        """
        value = 'example'

        for validators in ([], (), set()):
            field = serializers.CharField(validators=validators)
            field.run_validation(value)

        def raise_exception(value):
            raise exceptions.ValidationError('Raised error')

        for validators in ([raise_exception], (raise_exception,), {raise_exception}):
            field = serializers.CharField(validators=validators)
            with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
                field.run_validation(value)
            assert exc_info.value.detail == ['Raised error']


class TestEmailField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `EmailField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        'example@example.com': 'example@example.com',
        ' example@example.com ': 'example@example.com',
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'examplecom': ['Enter a valid email address.']
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.EmailField()


class TestRegexField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `RegexField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        'a9': 'a9',
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'A9': ["This value does not match the required pattern."]
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.RegexField(regex='[a-z][0-9]')


class TestiCompiledRegexField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `RegexField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        'a9': 'a9',
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'A9': ["This value does not match the required pattern."]
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.RegexField(regex=re.compile('[a-z][0-9]'))


class TestSlugField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `SlugField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        'slug-99': 'slug-99',
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'slug 99': ['Enter a valid "slug" consisting of letters, numbers, underscores or hyphens.']
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.SlugField()

    def test_allow_unicode_true(self):
        field = serializers.SlugField(allow_unicode=True)

        validation_error = False
        try:
            field.run_validation('slug-99-\u0420')
        except serializers.ValidationError:
            validation_error = True

        assert not validation_error


class TestURLField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `URLField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        'http://example.com': 'http://example.com',
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'example.com': ['Enter a valid URL.']
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.URLField()


class TestUUIDField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `UUIDField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '825d7aeb-05a9-45b5-a5b7-05df87923cda': uuid.UUID('825d7aeb-05a9-45b5-a5b7-05df87923cda'),
        '825d7aeb05a945b5a5b705df87923cda': uuid.UUID('825d7aeb-05a9-45b5-a5b7-05df87923cda'),
        'urn:uuid:213b7d9b-244f-410d-828c-dabce7a2615d': uuid.UUID('213b7d9b-244f-410d-828c-dabce7a2615d'),
        284758210125106368185219588917561929842: uuid.UUID('d63a6fb6-88d5-40c7-a91c-9edf73283072')
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        '825d7aeb-05a9-45b5-a5b7': ['Must be a valid UUID.'],
        (1, 2, 3): ['Must be a valid UUID.']
    }
    outputs = {
        uuid.UUID('825d7aeb-05a9-45b5-a5b7-05df87923cda'): '825d7aeb-05a9-45b5-a5b7-05df87923cda'
    }
    field = serializers.UUIDField()

    def _test_format(self, uuid_format, formatted_uuid_0):
        field = serializers.UUIDField(format=uuid_format)
        assert field.to_representation(uuid.UUID(int=0)) == formatted_uuid_0
        assert field.to_internal_value(formatted_uuid_0) == uuid.UUID(int=0)

    def test_formats(self):
        self._test_format('int', 0)
        self._test_format('hex_verbose', '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000')
        self._test_format('urn', 'urn:uuid:00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000')
        self._test_format('hex', '0' * 32)


class TestIPAddressField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `IPAddressField`
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '127.0.0.1': '127.0.0.1',
        '192.168.33.255': '192.168.33.255',
        '2001:0db8:85a3:0042:1000:8a2e:0370:7334': '2001:db8:85a3:42:1000:8a2e:370:7334',
        '2001:cdba:0:0:0:0:3257:9652': '2001:cdba::3257:9652',
        '2001:cdba::3257:9652': '2001:cdba::3257:9652'
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        '127001': ['Enter a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address.'],
        '127.122.111.2231': ['Enter a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address.'],
        '2001:::9652': ['Enter a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address.'],
        '2001:0db8:85a3:0042:1000:8a2e:0370:73341': ['Enter a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address.'],
        1000: ['Enter a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address.'],
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.IPAddressField()


class TestIPv4AddressField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `IPAddressField`
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '127.0.0.1': '127.0.0.1',
        '192.168.33.255': '192.168.33.255',
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        '127001': ['Enter a valid IPv4 address.'],
        '127.122.111.2231': ['Enter a valid IPv4 address.'],
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.IPAddressField(protocol='IPv4')


class TestIPv6AddressField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `IPAddressField`
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '2001:0db8:85a3:0042:1000:8a2e:0370:7334': '2001:db8:85a3:42:1000:8a2e:370:7334',
        '2001:cdba:0:0:0:0:3257:9652': '2001:cdba::3257:9652',
        '2001:cdba::3257:9652': '2001:cdba::3257:9652'
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        '2001:::9652': ['Enter a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address.'],
        '2001:0db8:85a3:0042:1000:8a2e:0370:73341': ['Enter a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address.'],
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.IPAddressField(protocol='IPv6')


class TestFilePathField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `FilePathField`
    """

    valid_inputs = {
        __file__: __file__,
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'wrong_path': ['"wrong_path" is not a valid path choice.']
    }
    outputs = {
    }
    field = serializers.FilePathField(
        path=os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
    )


# Number types...

class TestIntegerField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `IntegerField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '1': 1,
        '0': 0,
        1: 1,
        0: 0,
        1.0: 1,
        0.0: 0,
        '1.0': 1
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        0.5: ['A valid integer is required.'],
        'abc': ['A valid integer is required.'],
        '0.5': ['A valid integer is required.']
    }
    outputs = {
        '1': 1,
        '0': 0,
        1: 1,
        0: 0,
        1.0: 1,
        0.0: 0
    }
    field = serializers.IntegerField()


class TestMinMaxIntegerField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `IntegerField` with min and max limits.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '1': 1,
        '3': 3,
        1: 1,
        3: 3,
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        0: ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 1.'],
        4: ['Ensure this value is less than or equal to 3.'],
        '0': ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 1.'],
        '4': ['Ensure this value is less than or equal to 3.'],
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.IntegerField(min_value=1, max_value=3)


class TestBigIntegerField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `BigIntegerField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '1': 1,
        '0': 0,
        1: 1,
        0: 0,
        123: 123,
        -123: -123,
        '999999999999999999999999999': 999999999999999999999999999,
        -999999999999999999999999999: -999999999999999999999999999,
        1.0: 1,
        0.0: 0,
        '1.0': 1
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        0.5: ['A valid biginteger is required.'],
        'abc': ['A valid biginteger is required.'],
        '0.5': ['A valid biginteger is required.']
    }
    outputs = {
        '1': 1,
        '0': 0,
        1: 1,
        0: 0,
        1.0: 1,
        0.0: 0,
        '999999999999999999999999999': 999999999999999999999999999,
        -999999999999999999999999999: -999999999999999999999999999
    }
    field = serializers.BigIntegerField()


class TestMinMaxBigIntegerField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `BigIntegerField` with min and max limits.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '1': 1,
        '3': 3,
        1: 1,
        3: 3,
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        0: ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 1.'],
        4: ['Ensure this value is less than or equal to 3.'],
        '0': ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 1.'],
        '4': ['Ensure this value is less than or equal to 3.'],
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.BigIntegerField(min_value=1, max_value=3)


class TestCoercionBigIntegerField(TestCase):

    def test_force_coerce_to_string(self):
        field = serializers.BigIntegerField(coerce_to_string=True)
        value = field.to_representation(1)
        assert isinstance(value, str)
        assert value == "1"


class TestFloatField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `FloatField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '1': 1.0,
        '0': 0.0,
        1: 1.0,
        0: 0.0,
        1.0: 1.0,
        0.0: 0.0,
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'abc': ["A valid number is required."]
    }
    outputs = {
        '1': 1.0,
        '0': 0.0,
        1: 1.0,
        0: 0.0,
        1.0: 1.0,
        0.0: 0.0,
    }
    field = serializers.FloatField()


class TestMinMaxFloatField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `FloatField` with min and max limits.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '1': 1,
        '3': 3,
        1: 1,
        3: 3,
        1.0: 1.0,
        3.0: 3.0,
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        0.9: ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 1.'],
        3.1: ['Ensure this value is less than or equal to 3.'],
        '0.0': ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 1.'],
        '3.1': ['Ensure this value is less than or equal to 3.'],
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.FloatField(min_value=1, max_value=3)


class TestFloatFieldOverFlowError(TestCase):
    def test_overflow_error_float_field(self):
        field = serializers.FloatField()
        with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exec_info:
            field.to_internal_value(data=math.factorial(171))
        assert "Integer value too large to convert to float" in str(exec_info.value.detail)


class TestDecimalField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `DecimalField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '12.3': Decimal('12.3'),
        '0.1': Decimal('0.1'),
        10: Decimal('10'),
        0: Decimal('0'),
        12.3: Decimal('12.3'),
        0.1: Decimal('0.1'),
        '2E+1': Decimal('20'),
    }
    invalid_inputs = (
        (None, ["This field may not be null."]),
        ('', ["A valid number is required."]),
        (' ', ["A valid number is required."]),
        ('abc', ["A valid number is required."]),
        (Decimal('Nan'), ["A valid number is required."]),
        (Decimal('Snan'), ["A valid number is required."]),
        (Decimal('Inf'), ["A valid number is required."]),
        ('12.345', ["Ensure that there are no more than 3 digits in total."]),
        (200000000000.0, ["Ensure that there are no more than 3 digits in total."]),
        ('0.01', ["Ensure that there are no more than 1 decimal places."]),
        (123, ["Ensure that there are no more than 2 digits before the decimal point."]),
        ('2E+2', ["Ensure that there are no more than 2 digits before the decimal point."])
    )
    outputs = {
        '1': '1.0',
        '0': '0.0',
        '1.09': '1.1',
        '0.04': '0.0',
        1: '1.0',
        0: '0.0',
        Decimal('1.0'): '1.0',
        Decimal('0.0'): '0.0',
        Decimal('1.09'): '1.1',
        Decimal('0.04'): '0.0'
    }
    field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=3, decimal_places=1)


class TestAllowNullDecimalField(FieldValues):
    valid_inputs = {
        None: None,
        '': None,
        ' ': None,
    }
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {
        None: '',
    }
    field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=3, decimal_places=1, allow_null=True)


class TestAllowNullNoStringCoercionDecimalField(FieldValues):
    valid_inputs = {
        None: None,
        '': None,
        ' ': None,
    }
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {
        None: None,
    }
    field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=3, decimal_places=1, allow_null=True, coerce_to_string=False)


class TestMinMaxDecimalField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `DecimalField` with min and max limits.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '10.0': Decimal('10.0'),
        '20.0': Decimal('20.0'),
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        '9.9': ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 10.0.'],
        '20.1': ['Ensure this value is less than or equal to 20.0.'],
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.DecimalField(
        max_digits=3, decimal_places=1,
        min_value=10.0, max_value=20.0
    )

    def test_warning_when_not_decimal_types(self, caplog):
        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
            warnings.simplefilter('always')

            serializers.DecimalField(
                max_digits=3, decimal_places=1,
                min_value=10.0, max_value=20.0
            )

            assert len(w) == 2
            assert all(issubclass(i.category, UserWarning) for i in w)

            assert 'max_value should be an integer or Decimal instance' in str(w[0].message)
            assert 'min_value should be an integer or Decimal instance' in str(w[1].message)


class TestAllowEmptyStrDecimalFieldWithValidators(FieldValues):
    """
    Check that empty string ('', ' ') is acceptable value for the DecimalField
    if allow_null=True and there are max/min validators
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        None: None,
        '': None,
        ' ': None,
        '  ': None,
        5: Decimal('5'),
        '0': Decimal('0'),
        '10': Decimal('10'),
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        -1: ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 0.'],
        11: ['Ensure this value is less than or equal to 10.'],
    }
    outputs = {
        None: '',
    }
    field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=3, decimal_places=1, allow_null=True, min_value=0, max_value=10)


class TestNoMaxDigitsDecimalField(FieldValues):
    field = serializers.DecimalField(
        max_value=100, min_value=0,
        decimal_places=2, max_digits=None
    )
    valid_inputs = {
        '10': Decimal('10.00')
    }
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {}


class TestNoStringCoercionDecimalField(FieldValues):
    """
    Output values for `DecimalField` with `coerce_to_string=False`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {}
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {
        1.09: Decimal('1.1'),
        0.04: Decimal('0.0'),
        '1.09': Decimal('1.1'),
        '0.04': Decimal('0.0'),
        Decimal('1.09'): Decimal('1.1'),
        Decimal('0.04'): Decimal('0.0'),
    }
    field = serializers.DecimalField(
        max_digits=3, decimal_places=1,
        coerce_to_string=False
    )


class TestLocalizedDecimalField(TestCase):
    @override_settings(LANGUAGE_CODE='pl')
    def test_to_internal_value(self):
        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=2, decimal_places=1, localize=True)
        assert field.to_internal_value('1,1') == Decimal('1.1')

    @override_settings(LANGUAGE_CODE='pl')
    def test_to_representation(self):
        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=2, decimal_places=1, localize=True)
        assert field.to_representation(Decimal('1.1')) == '1,1'

    def test_localize_forces_coerce_to_string(self):
        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=2, decimal_places=1, coerce_to_string=False, localize=True)
        assert isinstance(field.to_representation(Decimal('1.1')), str)


class TestQuantizedValueForDecimal(TestCase):
    def test_int_quantized_value_for_decimal(self):
        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2)
        value = field.to_internal_value(12).as_tuple()
        expected_digit_tuple = (0, (1, 2, 0, 0), -2)
        assert value == expected_digit_tuple

    def test_string_quantized_value_for_decimal(self):
        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2)
        value = field.to_internal_value('12').as_tuple()
        expected_digit_tuple = (0, (1, 2, 0, 0), -2)
        assert value == expected_digit_tuple

    def test_part_precision_string_quantized_value_for_decimal(self):
        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2)
        value = field.to_internal_value('12.0').as_tuple()
        expected_digit_tuple = (0, (1, 2, 0, 0), -2)
        assert value == expected_digit_tuple


class TestNormalizedOutputValueDecimalField(TestCase):
    """
    Test that we get the expected behavior of on DecimalField when normalize=True
    """

    def test_normalize_output(self):
        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=3, normalize_output=True)
        output = field.to_representation(Decimal('1.000'))
        assert output == '1'

    def test_non_normalize_output(self):
        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=3, normalize_output=False)
        output = field.to_representation(Decimal('1.000'))
        assert output == '1.000'

    def test_normalize_coeherce_to_string(self):
        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=3, normalize_output=True, coerce_to_string=False)
        output = field.to_representation(Decimal('1.000'))
        assert output == Decimal('1')


class TestNoDecimalPlaces(FieldValues):
    valid_inputs = {
        '0.12345': Decimal('0.12345'),
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        '0.1234567': ['Ensure that there are no more than 6 digits in total.']
    }
    outputs = {
        '1.2345': '1.2345',
        '0': '0',
        '1.1': '1.1',
    }
    field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=None)


class TestRoundingDecimalField(TestCase):
    def test_valid_rounding(self):
        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2, rounding=ROUND_UP)
        assert field.to_representation(Decimal('1.234')) == '1.24'

        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2, rounding=ROUND_DOWN)
        assert field.to_representation(Decimal('1.234')) == '1.23'

    def test_invalid_rounding(self):
        with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as excinfo:
            serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=1, decimal_places=1, rounding='ROUND_UNKNOWN')
        assert 'Invalid rounding option' in str(excinfo.value)


# Date & time serializers...
class TestDateField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `DateField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '2001-01-01': datetime.date(2001, 1, 1),
        datetime.date(2001, 1, 1): datetime.date(2001, 1, 1),
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'abc': ['Date has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: YYYY-MM-DD.'],
        '2001-99-99': ['Date has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: YYYY-MM-DD.'],
        '2001-01': ['Date has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: YYYY-MM-DD.'],
        '2001': ['Date has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: YYYY-MM-DD.'],
        datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 12, 00): ['Expected a date but got a datetime.'],
    }
    outputs = {
        datetime.date(2001, 1, 1): '2001-01-01',
        '2001-01-01': '2001-01-01',
        '2016-01-10': '2016-01-10',
        None: None,
        '': None,
    }
    field = serializers.DateField()


class TestCustomInputFormatDateField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `DateField` with a custom input format.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '1 Jan 2001': datetime.date(2001, 1, 1),
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        '2001-01-01': ['Date has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: DD [Jan-Dec] YYYY.']
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.DateField(input_formats=['%d %b %Y'])


class TestCustomOutputFormatDateField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `DateField` with a custom output format.
    """
    valid_inputs = {}
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {
        datetime.date(2001, 1, 1): '01 Jan 2001'
    }
    field = serializers.DateField(format='%d %b %Y')


class TestNoOutputFormatDateField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `DateField` with no output format.
    """
    valid_inputs = {}
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {
        datetime.date(2001, 1, 1): datetime.date(2001, 1, 1)
    }
    field = serializers.DateField(format=None)


class TestDateTimeField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `DateTimeField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '2001-01-01 13:00': datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00, tzinfo=utc),
        '2001-01-01T13:00': datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00, tzinfo=utc),
        '2001-01-01T13:00Z': datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00, tzinfo=utc),
        datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00): datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00, tzinfo=utc),
        datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00, tzinfo=utc): datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00, tzinfo=utc),
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'abc': ['Datetime has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm[:ss[.uuuuuu]][+HH:MM|-HH:MM|Z].'],
        '2001-99-99T99:00': ['Datetime has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm[:ss[.uuuuuu]][+HH:MM|-HH:MM|Z].'],
        '2018-08-16 22:00-24:00': ['Datetime has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm[:ss[.uuuuuu]][+HH:MM|-HH:MM|Z].'],
        datetime.date(2001, 1, 1): ['Expected a datetime but got a date.'],
        '9999-12-31T21:59:59.99990-03:00': ['Datetime value out of range.'],
    }
    outputs = {
        datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00): '2001-01-01T13:00:00Z',
        datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00, tzinfo=utc): '2001-01-01T13:00:00Z',
        '2001-01-01T00:00:00': '2001-01-01T00:00:00',
        '2016-01-10T00:00:00': '2016-01-10T00:00:00',
        None: None,
        '': None,
    }
    field = serializers.DateTimeField(default_timezone=utc)


class TestCustomInputFormatDateTimeField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `DateTimeField` with a custom input format.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '1:35pm, 1 Jan 2001': datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 35, tzinfo=utc),
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        '2001-01-01T20:50': ['Datetime has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: hh:mm[AM|PM], DD [Jan-Dec] YYYY.']
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.DateTimeField(default_timezone=utc, input_formats=['%I:%M%p, %d %b %Y'])


class TestCustomOutputFormatDateTimeField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `DateTimeField` with a custom output format.
    """
    valid_inputs = {}
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {
        datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00): '01:00PM, 01 Jan 2001',
    }
    field = serializers.DateTimeField(format='%I:%M%p, %d %b %Y')


class TestNoOutputFormatDateTimeField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `DateTimeField` with no output format.
    """
    valid_inputs = {}
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {
        datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00): datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00),
    }
    field = serializers.DateTimeField(format=None)


@override_settings(TIME_ZONE='UTC', USE_TZ=False)
class TestNaiveDateTimeField(FieldValues, TestCase):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `DateTimeField` with naive datetimes.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00, tzinfo=utc): datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00),
        '2001-01-01 13:00': datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00),
    }
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {
        datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00): '2001-01-01T13:00:00',
        datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00, tzinfo=utc): '2001-01-01T13:00:00',
    }
    field = serializers.DateTimeField(default_timezone=None)


class TestTZWithDateTimeField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `DateTimeField` when not using UTC as the timezone.
    """
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        # use class setup method, as class-level attribute will still be evaluated even if test is skipped
        kolkata = ZoneInfo('Asia/Kolkata')

        cls.valid_inputs = {
            '2016-12-19T10:00:00': datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 19, 10, tzinfo=kolkata),
            '2016-12-19T10:00:00+05:30': datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 19, 10, tzinfo=kolkata),
            datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 19, 10): datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 19, 10, tzinfo=kolkata),
        }
        cls.invalid_inputs = {}
        cls.outputs = {
            datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 19, 10): '2016-12-19T10:00:00+05:30',
            datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 19, 4, 30, tzinfo=utc): '2016-12-19T10:00:00+05:30',
        }
        cls.field = serializers.DateTimeField(default_timezone=kolkata)


@override_settings(TIME_ZONE='UTC', USE_TZ=True)
class TestDefaultTZDateTimeField(TestCase):
    """
    Test the current/default timezone handling in `DateTimeField`.
    """

    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        cls.field = serializers.DateTimeField()
        cls.kolkata = ZoneInfo('Asia/Kolkata')

    def assertUTC(self, tzinfo):
        """
        Check UTC for datetime.timezone, ZoneInfo, and pytz tzinfo instances.
        """
        assert (
            tzinfo is utc or
            (getattr(tzinfo, "key", None) or getattr(tzinfo, "zone", None)) == "UTC"
        )

    def test_default_timezone(self):
        self.assertUTC(self.field.default_timezone())

    def test_current_timezone(self):
        self.assertUTC(self.field.default_timezone())
        activate(self.kolkata)
        assert self.field.default_timezone() == self.kolkata
        deactivate()
        self.assertUTC(self.field.default_timezone())


@override_settings(TIME_ZONE='UTC', USE_TZ=True)
class TestCustomTimezoneForDateTimeField(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        cls.kolkata = ZoneInfo('Asia/Kolkata')
        cls.date_format = '%d/%m/%Y %H:%M'

    def test_should_render_date_time_in_default_timezone(self):
        field = serializers.DateTimeField(default_timezone=self.kolkata, format=self.date_format)
        dt = datetime.datetime(2018, 2, 8, 14, 15, 16, tzinfo=ZoneInfo("UTC"))

        with override(self.kolkata):
            rendered_date = field.to_representation(dt)

        rendered_date_in_timezone = dt.astimezone(self.kolkata).strftime(self.date_format)

        assert rendered_date == rendered_date_in_timezone


@pytest.mark.skipif(
    condition=django.VERSION >= (5,),
    reason="Django 5.0 has removed pytz; this test should eventually be able to get removed.",
)
class TestPytzNaiveDayLightSavingTimeTimeZoneDateTimeField(FieldValues):
    """
    Invalid values for `DateTimeField` with datetime in DST shift (non-existing or ambiguous) and timezone with DST.
    Timezone America/New_York has DST shift from 2017-03-12T02:00:00 to 2017-03-12T03:00:00 and
     from 2017-11-05T02:00:00 to 2017-11-05T01:00:00 in 2017.
    """
    valid_inputs = {}
    invalid_inputs = {
        '2017-03-12T02:30:00': ['Invalid datetime for the timezone "America/New_York".'],
        '2017-11-05T01:30:00': ['Invalid datetime for the timezone "America/New_York".']
    }
    outputs = {}

    class MockTimezone(pytz.BaseTzInfo):
        @staticmethod
        def localize(value, is_dst):
            raise pytz.InvalidTimeError()

        def __str__(self):
            return 'America/New_York'

    field = serializers.DateTimeField(default_timezone=MockTimezone())


@patch('rest_framework.utils.timezone.datetime_ambiguous', return_value=True)
class TestNaiveDayLightSavingTimeTimeZoneDateTimeField(FieldValues):
    """
    Invalid values for `DateTimeField` with datetime in DST shift (non-existing or ambiguous) and timezone with DST.
    Timezone America/New_York has DST shift from 2017-03-12T02:00:00 to 2017-03-12T03:00:00 and
     from 2017-11-05T02:00:00 to 2017-11-05T01:00:00 in 2017.
    """
    valid_inputs = {}
    invalid_inputs = {
        '2017-03-12T02:30:00': ['Invalid datetime for the timezone "America/New_York".'],
        '2017-11-05T01:30:00': ['Invalid datetime for the timezone "America/New_York".']
    }
    outputs = {}

    class MockZoneInfoTimezone(datetime.tzinfo):
        def __str__(self):
            return 'America/New_York'

    field = serializers.DateTimeField(default_timezone=MockZoneInfoTimezone())


class TestTimeField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `TimeField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '13:00': datetime.time(13, 00),
        datetime.time(13, 00): datetime.time(13, 00),
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'abc': ['Time has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: hh:mm[:ss[.uuuuuu]].'],
        '99:99': ['Time has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: hh:mm[:ss[.uuuuuu]].'],
    }
    outputs = {
        datetime.time(13, 0): '13:00:00',
        datetime.time(0, 0): '00:00:00',
        '00:00:00': '00:00:00',
        None: None,
        '': None,
    }
    field = serializers.TimeField()


class TestCustomInputFormatTimeField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `TimeField` with a custom input format.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '1:00pm': datetime.time(13, 00),
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        '13:00': ['Time has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: hh:mm[AM|PM].'],
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.TimeField(input_formats=['%I:%M%p'])


class TestCustomOutputFormatTimeField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `TimeField` with a custom output format.
    """
    valid_inputs = {}
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {
        datetime.time(13, 00): '01:00PM'
    }
    field = serializers.TimeField(format='%I:%M%p')


class TestNoOutputFormatTimeField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `TimeField` with a no output format.
    """
    valid_inputs = {}
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {
        datetime.time(13, 00): datetime.time(13, 00)
    }
    field = serializers.TimeField(format=None)


class TestMinMaxDurationField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `DurationField` with min and max limits.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '3 08:32:01.000123': datetime.timedelta(days=3, hours=8, minutes=32, seconds=1, microseconds=123),
        86401: datetime.timedelta(days=1, seconds=1),
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        3600: ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 1 day, 0:00:00.'],
        '4 08:32:01.000123': ['Ensure this value is less than or equal to 4 days, 0:00:00.'],
        '3600': ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 1 day, 0:00:00.'],
    }
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.DurationField(min_value=datetime.timedelta(days=1), max_value=datetime.timedelta(days=4))


class TestDurationField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `DurationField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '13': datetime.timedelta(seconds=13),
        '3 08:32:01.000123': datetime.timedelta(days=3, hours=8, minutes=32, seconds=1, microseconds=123),
        '08:01': datetime.timedelta(minutes=8, seconds=1),
        datetime.timedelta(days=3, hours=8, minutes=32, seconds=1, microseconds=123): datetime.timedelta(days=3, hours=8, minutes=32, seconds=1, microseconds=123),
        3600: datetime.timedelta(hours=1),
        '-999999999 00': datetime.timedelta(days=-999999999),
        '999999999 00': datetime.timedelta(days=999999999),
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'abc': ['Duration has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: [DD] [HH:[MM:]]ss[.uuuuuu].'],
        '3 08:32 01.123': ['Duration has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: [DD] [HH:[MM:]]ss[.uuuuuu].'],
        '-1000000000 00': ['The number of days must be between -999999999 and 999999999.'],
        '1000000000 00': ['The number of days must be between -999999999 and 999999999.'],
    }
    outputs = {
        datetime.timedelta(days=3, hours=8, minutes=32, seconds=1, microseconds=123): '3 08:32:01.000123',
    }
    field = serializers.DurationField()

    def test_invalid_format(self):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
            serializers.DurationField(format='unknown')
        assert str(exc_info.value) == (
            "Unknown duration format provided, got 'unknown'"
            " while expecting 'django', 'iso-8601' or `None`."
        )
        with pytest.raises(TypeError) as exc_info:
            serializers.DurationField(format=123)
        assert str(exc_info.value) == (
            "duration format must be either str or `None`, not int"
        )

    def test_invalid_format_in_config(self):
        field = serializers.DurationField()

        with override_settings(REST_FRAMEWORK={'DURATION_FORMAT': 'unknown'}):
            with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
                field.to_representation(datetime.timedelta(days=1))

        assert str(exc_info.value) == (
            "Unknown duration format provided, got 'unknown'"
            " while expecting 'django', 'iso-8601' or `None`."
        )
        with override_settings(REST_FRAMEWORK={'DURATION_FORMAT': 123}):
            with pytest.raises(TypeError) as exc_info:
                field.to_representation(datetime.timedelta(days=1))
        assert str(exc_info.value) == (
            "duration format must be either str or `None`, not int"
        )


class TestNoOutputFormatDurationField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `DurationField` with a no output format.
    """
    valid_inputs = {}
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {
        datetime.timedelta(1): datetime.timedelta(1)
    }
    field = serializers.DurationField(format=None)


class TestISOOutputFormatDurationField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `DurationField` with a custom output format.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '13': datetime.timedelta(seconds=13),
        'P3DT08H32M01.000123S': datetime.timedelta(days=3, hours=8, minutes=32, seconds=1, microseconds=123),
        'PT8H1M': datetime.timedelta(hours=8, minutes=1),
        '-P999999999D': datetime.timedelta(days=-999999999),
        'P999999999D': datetime.timedelta(days=999999999)
    }
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {
        datetime.timedelta(days=3, hours=8, minutes=32, seconds=1, microseconds=123): 'P3DT08H32M01.000123S'
    }
    field = serializers.DurationField(format='iso-8601')


# Choice types...
class TestChoiceField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `ChoiceField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        'poor': 'poor',
        'medium': 'medium',
        'good': 'good',
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'amazing': ['"amazing" is not a valid choice.']
    }
    outputs = {
        'good': 'good',
        '': '',
        'amazing': 'amazing',
    }
    field = serializers.ChoiceField(
        choices=[
            ('poor', 'Poor quality'),
            ('medium', 'Medium quality'),
            ('good', 'Good quality'),
        ]
    )

    def test_allow_blank(self):
        """
        If `allow_blank=True` then '' is a valid input.
        """
        field = serializers.ChoiceField(
            allow_blank=True,
            choices=[
                ('poor', 'Poor quality'),
                ('medium', 'Medium quality'),
                ('good', 'Good quality'),
            ]
        )
        output = field.run_validation('')
        assert output == ''

    def test_allow_null(self):
        """
        If `allow_null=True` then '' on HTML forms is treated as None.
        """
        field = serializers.ChoiceField(
            allow_null=True,
            choices=[
                1, 2, 3
            ]
        )
        field.field_name = 'example'
        value = field.get_value(QueryDict('example='))
        assert value is None
        output = field.run_validation(None)
        assert output is None

    def test_iter_options(self):
        """
        iter_options() should return a list of options and option groups.
        """
        field = serializers.ChoiceField(
            choices=[
                ('Numbers', ['integer', 'float']),
                ('Strings', ['text', 'email', 'url']),
                'boolean'
            ]
        )
        items = list(field.iter_options())

        assert items[0].start_option_group
        assert items[0].label == 'Numbers'
        assert items[1].value == 'integer'
        assert items[2].value == 'float'
        assert items[3].end_option_group

        assert items[4].start_option_group
        assert items[4].label == 'Strings'
        assert items[5].value == 'text'
        assert items[6].value == 'email'
        assert items[7].value == 'url'
        assert items[8].end_option_group

        assert items[9].value == 'boolean'

    def test_edit_choices(self):
        field = serializers.ChoiceField(
            allow_null=True,
            choices=[
                1, 2,
            ]
        )
        field.choices = [1]
        assert field.run_validation(1) == 1
        with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
            field.run_validation(2)
        assert exc_info.value.detail == ['"2" is not a valid choice.']

    def test_enum_integer_choices(self):
        from enum import IntEnum

        class ChoiceCase(IntEnum):
            first = auto()
            second = auto()
        # Enum validate
        choices = [
            (ChoiceCase.first, "1"),
            (ChoiceCase.second, "2")
        ]
        field = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=choices)
        assert field.run_validation(1) == 1
        assert field.run_validation(ChoiceCase.first) == 1
        assert field.run_validation("1") == 1
        # Enum.value validate
        choices = [
            (ChoiceCase.first.value, "1"),
            (ChoiceCase.second.value, "2")
        ]
        field = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=choices)
        assert field.run_validation(1) == 1
        assert field.run_validation(ChoiceCase.first) == 1
        assert field.run_validation("1") == 1

    def test_integer_choices(self):
        class ChoiceCase(IntegerChoices):
            first = auto()
            second = auto()
        # Enum validate
        choices = [
            (ChoiceCase.first, "1"),
            (ChoiceCase.second, "2")
        ]

        field = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=choices)
        assert field.run_validation(1) == 1
        assert field.run_validation(ChoiceCase.first) == 1
        assert field.run_validation("1") == 1

        choices = [
            (ChoiceCase.first.value, "1"),
            (ChoiceCase.second.value, "2")
        ]

        field = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=choices)
        assert field.run_validation(1) == 1
        assert field.run_validation(ChoiceCase.first) == 1
        assert field.run_validation("1") == 1

    def test_text_choices(self):
        class ChoiceCase(TextChoices):
            first = auto()
            second = auto()
        # Enum validate
        choices = [
            (ChoiceCase.first, "first"),
            (ChoiceCase.second, "second")
        ]

        field = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=choices)
        assert field.run_validation(ChoiceCase.first) == "first"
        assert field.run_validation("first") == "first"

        choices = [
            (ChoiceCase.first.value, "first"),
            (ChoiceCase.second.value, "second")
        ]

        field = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=choices)
        assert field.run_validation(ChoiceCase.first) == "first"
        assert field.run_validation("first") == "first"


class TestChoiceFieldWithType(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for a `Choice` field that uses an integer type,
    instead of a char type.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        '1': 1,
        3: 3,
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        5: ['"5" is not a valid choice.'],
        'abc': ['"abc" is not a valid choice.']
    }
    outputs = {
        '1': 1,
        1: 1
    }
    field = serializers.ChoiceField(
        choices=[
            (1, 'Poor quality'),
            (2, 'Medium quality'),
            (3, 'Good quality'),
        ]
    )


class TestChoiceFieldWithListChoices(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for a `Choice` field that uses a flat list for the
    choices, rather than a list of pairs of (`value`, `description`).
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        'poor': 'poor',
        'medium': 'medium',
        'good': 'good',
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'awful': ['"awful" is not a valid choice.']
    }
    outputs = {
        'good': 'good'
    }
    field = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=('poor', 'medium', 'good'))


class TestChoiceFieldWithGroupedChoices(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for a `Choice` field that uses a grouped list for the
    choices, rather than a list of pairs of (`value`, `description`).
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        'poor': 'poor',
        'medium': 'medium',
        'good': 'good',
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'awful': ['"awful" is not a valid choice.']
    }
    outputs = {
        'good': 'good'
    }
    field = serializers.ChoiceField(
        choices=[
            (
                'Category',
                (
                    ('poor', 'Poor quality'),
                    ('medium', 'Medium quality'),
                ),
            ),
            ('good', 'Good quality'),
        ]
    )


class TestChoiceFieldWithMixedChoices(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for a `Choice` field that uses a single paired or
    grouped.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        'poor': 'poor',
        'medium': 'medium',
        'good': 'good',
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'awful': ['"awful" is not a valid choice.']
    }
    outputs = {
        'good': 'good'
    }
    field = serializers.ChoiceField(
        choices=[
            (
                'Category',
                (
                    ('poor', 'Poor quality'),
                ),
            ),
            'medium',
            ('good', 'Good quality'),
        ]
    )


class TestMultipleChoiceField(FieldValues):
    """
    Valid and invalid values for `MultipleChoiceField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
        (): list(),
        ('aircon',): ['aircon'],
        ('aircon', 'aircon'): ['aircon'],
        ('aircon', 'manual'): ['aircon', 'manual'],
        ('manual', 'aircon'): ['manual', 'aircon'],
    }
    invalid_inputs = {
        'abc': ['Expected a list of items but got type "str".'],
        ('aircon', 'incorrect'): ['"incorrect" is not a valid choice.']
    }
    outputs = [
        (['aircon', 'manual', 'incorrect'], ['aircon', 'manual', 'incorrect']),
        (['manual', 'aircon', 'incorrect'], ['manual', 'aircon', 'incorrect']),
        (['aircon', 'manual', 'aircon'], ['aircon', 'manual']),
    ]
    field = serializers.MultipleChoiceField(
        choices=[
            ('aircon', 'AirCon'),
            ('manual', 'Manual drive'),
            ('diesel', 'Diesel'),
        ]
    )

    def test_against_partial_and_full_updates(self):
        field = serializers.MultipleChoiceField(choices=(('a', 'a'), ('b', 'b')))
        field.partial = False
        assert field.get_value(QueryDict('')) == []
        field.partial = True
        assert field.get_value(QueryDict('')) == rest_framework.fields.empty

    def test_valid_inputs_is_json_serializable(self):
        for input_value, _ in get_items(self.valid_inputs):
            validated = self.field.run_validation(input_value)

            try:
                json.dumps(validated)
            except TypeError as e:
                pytest.fail(f'Validated output not JSON serializable: {repr(validated)}; Error: {e}')

    def test_output_is_json_serializable(self):
        for output_value, _ in get_items(self.outputs):
            representation = self.field.to_representation(output_value)

            try:
                json.dumps(representation)
            except TypeError as e:
                pytest.fail(
                    f'to_representation output not JSON serializable: '
                    f'{repr(representation)}; Error: {e}'
                )


class TestEmptyMultipleChoiceField(FieldValues):
    """
    Invalid values for `MultipleChoiceField(allow_empty=False)`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {
    }
    invalid_inputs = (
        ([], ['This selection may not be empty.']),
    )
    outputs = [
    ]
    field = serializers.MultipleChoiceField(
        choices=[
            ('consistency', 'Consistency'),
            ('availability', 'Availability'),
            ('partition', 'Partition tolerance'),
        ],
        allow_empty=False
    )


# File serializers...

class MockFile:
    def __init__(self, name='', size=0, url=''):
        self.name = name
        self.size = size
        self.url = url

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return (
            isinstance(other, MockFile) and
            self.name == other.name and
            self.size == other.size and
            self.url == other.url
        )


class TestFileField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `FileField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = [
        (MockFile(name='example', size=10), MockFile(name='example', size=10))
    ]
    invalid_inputs = [
        ('invalid', ['The submitted data was not a file. Check the encoding type on the form.']),
        (MockFile(name='example.txt', size=0), ['The submitted file is empty.']),
        (MockFile(name='', size=10), ['No filename could be determined.']),
        (MockFile(name='x' * 100, size=10), ['Ensure this filename has at most 10 characters (it has 100).'])
    ]
    outputs = [
        (MockFile(name='example.txt', url='/example.txt'), '/example.txt'),
        ('', None)
    ]
    field = serializers.FileField(max_length=10)


class TestFieldFieldWithName(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `FileField` with a filename output instead of URLs.
    """
    valid_inputs = {}
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = [
        (MockFile(name='example.txt', url='/example.txt'), 'example.txt')
    ]
    field = serializers.FileField(use_url=False)


def ext_validator(value):
    if not value.name.endswith('.png'):
        raise serializers.ValidationError('File extension is not allowed. Allowed extensions is png.')


# Stub out mock Django `forms.ImageField` class so we don't *actually*
# call into it's regular validation, or require PIL for testing.
class PassImageValidation(DjangoImageField):
    default_validators = [ext_validator]

    def to_python(self, value):
        return value


class FailImageValidation(PassImageValidation):
    def to_python(self, value):
        if value.name == 'badimage.png':
            raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_image'])
        return value


class TestInvalidImageField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for an invalid `ImageField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = {}
    invalid_inputs = [
        (MockFile(name='badimage.png', size=10), ['Upload a valid image. The file you uploaded was either not an image or a corrupted image.']),
        (MockFile(name='goodimage.html', size=10), ['File extension is not allowed. Allowed extensions is png.'])
    ]
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.ImageField(_DjangoImageField=FailImageValidation)


class TestValidImageField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for an valid `ImageField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = [
        (MockFile(name='example.png', size=10), MockFile(name='example.png', size=10))
    ]
    invalid_inputs = {}
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.ImageField(_DjangoImageField=PassImageValidation)


# Composite serializers...

class TestListField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `ListField` with IntegerField as child.
    """
    valid_inputs = [
        ([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]),
        (['1', '2', '3'], [1, 2, 3]),
        ([], [])
    ]
    invalid_inputs = [
        ('not a list', ['Expected a list of items but got type "str".']),
        ([1, 2, 'error', 'error'], {2: ['A valid integer is required.'], 3: ['A valid integer is required.']}),
        ({'one': 'two'}, ['Expected a list of items but got type "dict".'])
    ]
    outputs = [
        ([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]),
        (['1', '2', '3'], [1, 2, 3])
    ]
    field = serializers.ListField(child=serializers.IntegerField())

    def test_no_source_on_child(self):
        with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as exc_info:
            serializers.ListField(child=serializers.IntegerField(source='other'))

        assert str(exc_info.value) == (
            "The `source` argument is not meaningful when applied to a `child=` field. "
            "Remove `source=` from the field declaration."
        )

    def test_collection_types_are_invalid_input(self):
        field = serializers.ListField(child=serializers.CharField())
        input_value = ({'one': 'two'})

        with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
            field.to_internal_value(input_value)
        assert exc_info.value.detail == ['Expected a list of items but got type "dict".']

    def test_constructor_misuse_raises(self):
        # Test that `ListField` can only be instantiated with keyword arguments
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            serializers.ListField(serializers.CharField())


class TestNestedListField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for nested `ListField` with IntegerField as child.
    """
    valid_inputs = [
        ([[1, 2], [3]], [[1, 2], [3]]),
        ([[]], [[]])
    ]
    invalid_inputs = [
        (['not a list'], {0: ['Expected a list of items but got type "str".']}),
        ([[1, 2, 'error'], ['error']], {0: {2: ['A valid integer is required.']}, 1: {0: ['A valid integer is required.']}}),
        ([{'one': 'two'}], {0: ['Expected a list of items but got type "dict".']})
    ]
    outputs = [
        ([[1, 2], [3]], [[1, 2], [3]]),
    ]
    field = serializers.ListField(child=serializers.ListField(child=serializers.IntegerField()))


class TestListFieldWithDjangoValidationErrors(FieldValues, TestCase):
    """
    Values for `ListField` with UUIDField as child
    (since UUIDField can throw ValidationErrors from Django).
    The idea is to test that Django's ValidationErrors raised
    from Django internals are caught and serializers in a way
    that is structurally consistent with DRF's ValidationErrors.
    """

    valid_inputs = []
    invalid_inputs = [
        (
            ['not-a-valid-uuid', 'd7364368-d1b3-4455-aaa3-56439b460ca2', 'some-other-invalid-uuid'],
            {
                0: [exceptions.ErrorDetail(string='“not-a-valid-uuid” is not a valid UUID.', code='invalid')],
                1: [
                    exceptions.ErrorDetail(
                        string='Invalid pk "d7364368-d1b3-4455-aaa3-56439b460ca2" - object does not exist.',
                        code='does_not_exist',
                    )
                ],
                2: [exceptions.ErrorDetail(string='“some-other-invalid-uuid” is not a valid UUID.', code='invalid')],
            },
        ),
    ]
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.ListField(child=serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=UUIDForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()))


class TestEmptyListField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `ListField` with allow_empty=False flag.
    """
    valid_inputs = {}
    invalid_inputs = [
        ([], ['This list may not be empty.'])
    ]
    outputs = {}
    field = serializers.ListField(child=serializers.IntegerField(), allow_empty=False)


class TestListFieldLengthLimit(FieldValues):
    valid_inputs = ()
    invalid_inputs = [
        ((0, 1), ['Ensure this field has at least 3 elements.']),
        ((0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), ['Ensure this field has no more than 4 elements.']),
    ]
    outputs = ()
    field = serializers.ListField(child=serializers.IntegerField(), min_length=3, max_length=4)


class TestUnvalidatedListField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `ListField` with no `child` argument.
    """
    valid_inputs = [
        ([1, '2', True, [4, 5, 6]], [1, '2', True, [4, 5, 6]]),
    ]
    invalid_inputs = [
        ('not a list', ['Expected a list of items but got type "str".']),
    ]
    outputs = [
        ([1, '2', True, [4, 5, 6]], [1, '2', True, [4, 5, 6]]),
    ]
    field = serializers.ListField()


class TestDictField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `DictField` with CharField as child.
    """
    valid_inputs = [
        ({'a': 1, 'b': '2', 3: 3}, {'a': '1', 'b': '2', '3': '3'}),
        ({}, {}),
    ]
    invalid_inputs = [
        ({'a': 1, 'b': None, 'c': None}, {'b': ['This field may not be null.'], 'c': ['This field may not be null.']}),
        ('not a dict', ['Expected a dictionary of items but got type "str".']),
    ]
    outputs = [
        ({'a': 1, 'b': '2', 3: 3}, {'a': '1', 'b': '2', '3': '3'}),
    ]
    field = serializers.DictField(child=serializers.CharField())

    def test_no_source_on_child(self):
        with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as exc_info:
            serializers.DictField(child=serializers.CharField(source='other'))

        assert str(exc_info.value) == (
            "The `source` argument is not meaningful when applied to a `child=` field. "
            "Remove `source=` from the field declaration."
        )

    def test_allow_null(self):
        """
        If `allow_null=True` then `None` is a valid input.
        """
        field = serializers.DictField(allow_null=True)
        output = field.run_validation(None)
        assert output is None

    def test_allow_empty_disallowed(self):
        """
        If allow_empty is False then an empty dict is not a valid input.
        """
        field = serializers.DictField(allow_empty=False)
        with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
            field.run_validation({})

        assert exc_info.value.detail == ['This dictionary may not be empty.']

    def test_query_dict_input_with_dot_separated_keys(self):
        """
        DictField should correctly parse HTML form (QueryDict) input
        with dot-separated keys.
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            data = serializers.DictField(child=serializers.CharField())

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('data.a=1&data.b=2'))
        assert serializer.is_valid(), serializer.errors
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'data': {'a': '1', 'b': '2'}}

    def test_query_dict_input_no_values_uses_default(self):
        """
        When no matching keys are present in the QueryDict and a default
        is set, the field should return the default value.
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            a = serializers.IntegerField(required=True)
            data = serializers.DictField(default=lambda: {'x': 'y'})

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict('a=1'))
        assert serializer.is_valid(), serializer.errors
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'a': 1, 'data': {'x': 'y'}}

    def test_query_dict_input_no_values_no_default_and_not_required(self):
        """
        When no matching keys are present in the QueryDict, there is no
        default, and the field is not required, the field should be
        skipped entirely from validated_data.
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            data = serializers.DictField(required=False)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict(''))
        assert serializer.is_valid(), serializer.errors
        assert serializer.validated_data == {}

    def test_query_dict_input_no_values_required(self):
        """
        When no matching keys are present in the QueryDict and the field
        is required, validation should fail.
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            data = serializers.DictField(required=True)

        serializer = TestSerializer(data=QueryDict(''))
        assert not serializer.is_valid()
        assert 'data' in serializer.errors

    def test_partial_update_can_clear_html_dict_field(self):
        """
        Test that a partial update can clear a DictField when provided with an
        empty string value through a QueryDict.
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            field_name = serializers.DictField(required=False)
            other_field = serializers.CharField(required=False)

        serializer = TestSerializer(
            data=QueryDict('field_name='),
            partial=True,
        )
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert 'field_name' in serializer.validated_data
        assert serializer.validated_data['field_name'] == {}
        assert 'other_field' not in serializer.validated_data


class TestNestedDictField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for nested `DictField` with CharField as child.
    """
    valid_inputs = [
        ({0: {'a': 1, 'b': '2'}, 1: {3: 3}}, {'0': {'a': '1', 'b': '2'}, '1': {'3': '3'}}),
    ]
    invalid_inputs = [
        ({0: {'a': 1, 'b': None}, 1: {'c': None}}, {'0': {'b': ['This field may not be null.']}, '1': {'c': ['This field may not be null.']}}),
        ({0: 'not a dict'}, {'0': ['Expected a dictionary of items but got type "str".']}),
    ]
    outputs = [
        ({0: {'a': 1, 'b': '2'}, 1: {3: 3}}, {'0': {'a': '1', 'b': '2'}, '1': {'3': '3'}}),
    ]
    field = serializers.DictField(child=serializers.DictField(child=serializers.CharField()))


class TestDictFieldWithNullChild(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `DictField` with allow_null CharField as child.
    """
    valid_inputs = [
        ({'a': None, 'b': '2', 3: 3}, {'a': None, 'b': '2', '3': '3'}),
    ]
    invalid_inputs = [
    ]
    outputs = [
        ({'a': None, 'b': '2', 3: 3}, {'a': None, 'b': '2', '3': '3'}),
    ]
    field = serializers.DictField(child=serializers.CharField(allow_null=True))


class TestUnvalidatedDictField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `DictField` with no `child` argument.
    """
    valid_inputs = [
        ({'a': 1, 'b': [4, 5, 6], 1: 123}, {'a': 1, 'b': [4, 5, 6], '1': 123}),
    ]
    invalid_inputs = [
        ('not a dict', ['Expected a dictionary of items but got type "str".']),
    ]
    outputs = [
        ({'a': 1, 'b': [4, 5, 6]}, {'a': 1, 'b': [4, 5, 6]}),
    ]
    field = serializers.DictField()


class TestHStoreField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `ListField` with CharField as child.
    """
    valid_inputs = [
        ({'a': 1, 'b': '2', 3: 3}, {'a': '1', 'b': '2', '3': '3'}),
        ({'a': 1, 'b': None}, {'a': '1', 'b': None}),
    ]
    invalid_inputs = [
        ('not a dict', ['Expected a dictionary of items but got type "str".']),
    ]
    outputs = [
        ({'a': 1, 'b': '2', 3: 3}, {'a': '1', 'b': '2', '3': '3'}),
    ]
    field = serializers.HStoreField()

    def test_child_is_charfield(self):
        with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as exc_info:
            serializers.HStoreField(child=serializers.IntegerField())

        assert str(exc_info.value) == (
            "The `child` argument must be an instance of `CharField`, "
            "as the hstore extension stores values as strings."
        )

    def test_no_source_on_child(self):
        with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as exc_info:
            serializers.HStoreField(child=serializers.CharField(source='other'))

        assert str(exc_info.value) == (
            "The `source` argument is not meaningful when applied to a `child=` field. "
            "Remove `source=` from the field declaration."
        )

    def test_allow_null(self):
        """
        If `allow_null=True` then `None` is a valid input.
        """
        field = serializers.HStoreField(allow_null=True)
        output = field.run_validation(None)
        assert output is None


class TestJSONField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `JSONField`.
    """
    valid_inputs = [
        ({
            'a': 1,
            'b': ['some', 'list', True, 1.23],
            '3': None
        }, {
            'a': 1,
            'b': ['some', 'list', True, 1.23],
            '3': None
        }),
    ]
    invalid_inputs = [
        ({'a': set()}, ['Value must be valid JSON.']),
        ({'a': float('inf')}, ['Value must be valid JSON.']),
    ]
    outputs = [
        ({
            'a': 1,
            'b': ['some', 'list', True, 1.23],
            '3': 3
        }, {
            'a': 1,
            'b': ['some', 'list', True, 1.23],
            '3': 3
        }),
    ]
    field = serializers.JSONField()

    def test_html_input_as_json_string(self):
        """
        HTML inputs should be treated as a serialized JSON string.
        """
        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            config = serializers.JSONField()

        data = QueryDict(mutable=True)
        data.update({'config': '{"a":1}'})
        serializer = TestSerializer(data=data)
        assert serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.validated_data == {'config': {"a": 1}}


class TestBinaryJSONField(FieldValues):
    """
    Values for `JSONField` with binary=True.
    """
    valid_inputs = [
        (b'{"a": 1, "3": null, "b": ["some", "list", true, 1.23]}', {
            'a': 1,
            'b': ['some', 'list', True, 1.23],
            '3': None
        }),
    ]
    invalid_inputs = [
        ('{"a": "unterminated string}', ['Value must be valid JSON.']),
    ]
    outputs = [
        (['some', 'list', True, 1.23], b'["some", "list", true, 1.23]'),
    ]
    field = serializers.JSONField(binary=True)


# Tests for FileField.
# --------------------

class MockRequest:
    def build_absolute_uri(self, value):
        return 'http://example.com' + value


class TestFileFieldContext:
    def test_fully_qualified_when_request_in_context(self):
        field = serializers.FileField(max_length=10)
        field._context = {'request': MockRequest()}
        obj = MockFile(name='example.txt', url='/example.txt')
        value = field.to_representation(obj)
        assert value == 'http://example.com/example.txt'


# Tests for FilePathField.
# --------------------

class TestFilePathFieldRequired:
    def test_required_passed_to_both_django_file_path_field_and_base(self):
        field = serializers.FilePathField(
            path=os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)),
            required=False,
        )
        assert "" in field.choices  # Django adds empty choice if not required
        assert field.required is False
        with pytest.raises(SkipField):
            field.run_validation(empty)


# Tests for SerializerMethodField.
# --------------------------------

class TestSerializerMethodField:
    def test_serializer_method_field(self):
        class ExampleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            example_field = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

            def get_example_field(self, obj):
                return 'ran get_example_field(%d)' % obj['example_field']

        serializer = ExampleSerializer({'example_field': 123})
        assert serializer.data == {
            'example_field': 'ran get_example_field(123)'
        }

    def test_redundant_method_name(self):
        # Prior to v3.10, redundant method names were not allowed.
        # This restriction has since been removed.
        class ExampleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            example_field = serializers.SerializerMethodField('get_example_field')

        field = ExampleSerializer().fields['example_field']
        assert field.method_name == 'get_example_field'


# Tests for ModelField.
# ---------------------

class TestModelField:
    def test_max_length_init(self):
        field = serializers.ModelField(None)
        assert len(field.validators) == 0

        field = serializers.ModelField(None, max_length=10)
        assert len(field.validators) == 1


# Tests for validation errors
# ---------------------------

class TestValidationErrorCode:
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('use_list', (False, True))
    def test_validationerror_code_with_msg(self, use_list):

        class ExampleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            password = serializers.CharField()

            def validate_password(self, obj):
                err = DjangoValidationError(
                    'exc_msg %s', code='exc_code', params=('exc_param',),
                )
                if use_list:
                    err = DjangoValidationError([err])
                raise err

        serializer = ExampleSerializer(data={'password': 123})
        serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.errors == {'password': ['exc_msg exc_param']}
        assert serializer.errors['password'][0].code == 'exc_code'

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('use_list', (False, True))
    def test_validationerror_code_with_msg_including_percent(self, use_list):

        class ExampleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
            password = serializers.CharField()

            def validate_password(self, obj):
                err = DjangoValidationError('exc_msg with %', code='exc_code')
                if use_list:
                    err = DjangoValidationError([err])
                raise err

        serializer = ExampleSerializer(data={'password': 123})
        serializer.is_valid()
        assert serializer.errors == {'password': ['exc_msg with %']}
        assert serializer.errors['password'][0].code == 'exc_code'

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('code', (None, 'exc_code',))
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('use_list', (False, True))
    def test_validationerror_code_with_dict(self, use_list, code):

        class ExampleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):

            def validate(self, obj):
                if code is None:
                    err = DjangoValidationError({
                        'email': 'email error',
                    })
                else:
                    err = DjangoValidationError({
                        'email': DjangoValidationError(
                            'email error',
                            code=code),
                    })
                if use_list:
                    err = DjangoValidationError([err])
                raise err

        serializer = ExampleSerializer(data={})
        serializer.is_valid()
        expected_code = code if code else 'invalid'
        if use_list:
            assert serializer.errors == {
                'non_field_errors': [
                    exceptions.ErrorDetail(
                        string='email error',
                        code=expected_code
                    )
                ]
            }
        else:
            assert serializer.errors == {
                'email': ['email error'],
            }
            assert serializer.errors['email'][0].code == expected_code

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('code', (None, 'exc_code',))
    def test_validationerror_code_with_dict_list_same_code(self, code):

        class ExampleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):

            def validate(self, obj):
                if code is None:
                    raise DjangoValidationError({'email': ['email error 1',
                                                           'email error 2']})
                raise DjangoValidationError({'email': [
                    DjangoValidationError('email error 1', code=code),
                    DjangoValidationError('email error 2', code=code),
                ]})

        serializer = ExampleSerializer(data={})
        serializer.is_valid()
        expected_code = code if code else 'invalid'
        assert serializer.errors == {
            'email': [
                exceptions.ErrorDetail(
                    string='email error 1',
                    code=expected_code
                ),
                exceptions.ErrorDetail(
                    string='email error 2',
                    code=expected_code
                ),
            ]
        }