diff --git a/dotnet/targets/Microsoft.Sdk.R2R.targets b/dotnet/targets/Microsoft.Sdk.R2R.targets
index b07c93bbf966..3fb3679f5f32 100644
--- a/dotnet/targets/Microsoft.Sdk.R2R.targets
+++ b/dotnet/targets/Microsoft.Sdk.R2R.targets
@@ -154,27 +154,34 @@
 		</_CreateR2RFrameworkDependsOn>
 	</PropertyGroup>
 
-	<!-- Prepare properties and item groups for r2r framework creation -->
-	<Target Name="_PrepareR2RFrameworkCreation"
-			DependsOnTargets="CreateReadyToRunImages"
-			>
-		<PropertyGroup>
-			<_DesktopFramework Condition="'$(_PlatformName)' == 'macOS' Or '$(_PlatformName)' == 'MacCatalyst'">true</_DesktopFramework>
-			<_DesktopFramework Condition="'$(_PlatformName)' != 'macOS' And '$(_PlatformName)' != 'MacCatalyst'">false</_DesktopFramework>
+	<!-- Properties for R2R framework creation.
+		Declared outside any target so they are available at evaluation time,
+		including in multi-RID outer builds where _PrepareR2RFrameworkCreation
+		may not have run yet (e.g. _CollectR2RFrameworksForPostProcessing). -->
+	<PropertyGroup>
+		<_DesktopFramework Condition="'$(_PlatformName)' == 'macOS' Or '$(_PlatformName)' == 'MacCatalyst'">true</_DesktopFramework>
+		<_DesktopFramework Condition="'$(_PlatformName)' != 'macOS' And '$(_PlatformName)' != 'MacCatalyst'">false</_DesktopFramework>
 
-			<_R2RFrameworkBinaryInfix Condition="'$(_DesktopFramework)' == 'true'">/Versions/A</_R2RFrameworkBinaryInfix>
-			<_R2RFrameworkResourcesInfix Condition="'$(_DesktopFramework)' == 'true'">/Versions/A/Resources</_R2RFrameworkResourcesInfix>
+		<_R2RFrameworkBinaryInfix Condition="'$(_DesktopFramework)' == 'true'">/Versions/A</_R2RFrameworkBinaryInfix>
+		<_R2RFrameworkResourcesInfix Condition="'$(_DesktopFramework)' == 'true'">/Versions/A/Resources</_R2RFrameworkResourcesInfix>
 
-			<_R2RFrameworkIntermediateOutputPath Condition="'$(_R2RFrameworkIntermediateOutputPath)' == ''">$(DeviceSpecificIntermediateOutputPath)r2rframework/</_R2RFrameworkIntermediateOutputPath>
-			<_R2RFrameworkName Condition="'$(_R2RFrameworkName)' == ''">$(AssemblyName)</_R2RFrameworkName>
-			<_R2RFrameworkPath Condition="'$(_R2RFrameworkPath)' == ''">$(_R2RFrameworkIntermediateOutputPath)$(_R2RFrameworkName).framework</_R2RFrameworkPath>
-			<_R2RFrameworkOutput Condition="'$(_R2RFrameworkOutput)' == ''">$(_R2RFrameworkPath)$(_R2RFrameworkBinaryInfix)/$(_R2RFrameworkName)</_R2RFrameworkOutput>
+		<_R2RFrameworkIntermediateOutputPath Condition="'$(_R2RFrameworkIntermediateOutputPath)' == ''">$(DeviceSpecificIntermediateOutputPath)r2rframework/</_R2RFrameworkIntermediateOutputPath>
+		<_R2RFrameworkName Condition="'$(_R2RFrameworkName)' == ''">$(AssemblyName)</_R2RFrameworkName>
+		<_R2RFrameworkPath Condition="'$(_R2RFrameworkPath)' == ''">$(_R2RFrameworkIntermediateOutputPath)$(_R2RFrameworkName).framework</_R2RFrameworkPath>
+		<_R2RFrameworkOutput Condition="'$(_R2RFrameworkOutput)' == ''">$(_R2RFrameworkPath)$(_R2RFrameworkBinaryInfix)/$(_R2RFrameworkName)</_R2RFrameworkOutput>
 
-			<_R2RFrameworkStructureStampFile>$(_R2RFrameworkIntermediateOutputPath)$(_R2RFrameworkName)-structure.stamp</_R2RFrameworkStructureStampFile>
+		<_R2RFrameworkStructureStampFile>$(_R2RFrameworkIntermediateOutputPath)$(_R2RFrameworkName)-structure.stamp</_R2RFrameworkStructureStampFile>
 
-			<_R2RFrameworkInfoPlistPath>$(_R2RFrameworkPath)$(_R2RFrameworkResourcesInfix)/Info.plist</_R2RFrameworkInfoPlistPath>
-		</PropertyGroup>
+		<_R2RFrameworkInfoPlistPath>$(_R2RFrameworkPath)$(_R2RFrameworkResourcesInfix)/Info.plist</_R2RFrameworkInfoPlistPath>
 
+		<_R2RFrameworkCachePath>$(_R2RFrameworkIntermediateOutputPath)cache.txt</_R2RFrameworkCachePath>
+		<_R2RFrameworkCachePath2>$(_R2RFrameworkCachePath).uptodate</_R2RFrameworkCachePath2>
+	</PropertyGroup>
+
+	<!-- Prepare item groups for r2r framework creation -->
+	<Target Name="_PrepareR2RFrameworkCreation"
+			DependsOnTargets="CreateReadyToRunImages"
+			>
 		<ItemGroup>
 			<_R2RFrameworkDirectories Include="$(_R2RFrameworkPath)" />
 
@@ -195,10 +202,6 @@
 		</ItemGroup>
 
 		<!-- write a hash of all the relevant input so that we can force a re-link if necessary -->
-		<PropertyGroup>
-			<_R2RFrameworkCachePath>$(_R2RFrameworkIntermediateOutputPath)cache.txt</_R2RFrameworkCachePath>
-			<_R2RFrameworkCachePath2>$(_R2RFrameworkCachePath).uptodate</_R2RFrameworkCachePath2>
-		</PropertyGroup>
 		<ItemGroup>
 			<_R2RFrameworkCache Include="@(_R2RFrameworkInputs)" />
 			<_R2RFrameworkCache Include="@(_R2RFrameworkLinkerFlags)" />
@@ -305,7 +308,7 @@
 	</Target>
 
 	<Target Name="_CreateR2RFramework"
-			Condition="'$(CreateR2RFramework)' == 'true'"
+			Condition="'$(CreateR2RFramework)' == 'true' And '$(IsMacEnabled)' != 'false'"
 			DependsOnTargets="$(_CreateR2RFrameworkDependsOn)"
 			AfterTargets="CreateReadyToRunImages"
 	/>
@@ -324,7 +327,7 @@
 			DependsOnTargets="CreateReadyToRunImages"
 			>
 		<PropertyGroup>
-			<_R2RDylibIntermediateOutputPath Condition="'$(_R2RFrameworkIntermediateOutputPath)' == ''">$(DeviceSpecificIntermediateOutputPath)r2rdylib/</_R2RDylibIntermediateOutputPath>
+			<_R2RDylibIntermediateOutputPath Condition="'$(_R2RDylibIntermediateOutputPath)' == ''">$(DeviceSpecificIntermediateOutputPath)r2rdylib/</_R2RDylibIntermediateOutputPath>
 			<_R2RDylibName Condition="'$(_R2RDylibName)' == ''">$(AssemblyName)</_R2RDylibName>
 			<_R2RDylibPath Condition="'$(_R2RDylibPath)' == ''">$(_R2RDylibIntermediateOutputPath)</_R2RDylibPath>
 			<_R2RDylibOutput Condition="'$(_R2RDylibOutput)' == ''">$(_R2RDylibPath)$(_R2RDylibName).r2r.dylib</_R2RDylibOutput>
@@ -398,7 +401,7 @@
 	</Target>
 
 	<Target Name="_CreateR2RDylib"
-			Condition="'$(CreateR2RDylib)' == 'true'"
+			Condition="'$(CreateR2RDylib)' == 'true' And '$(IsMacEnabled)' != 'false'"
 			DependsOnTargets="$(_CreateR2RDylibDependsOn)"
 			AfterTargets="CreateReadyToRunImages"
 	/>
diff --git a/dotnet/targets/Xamarin.Shared.Sdk.props b/dotnet/targets/Xamarin.Shared.Sdk.props
index 6fa495f40918..980429bce735 100644
--- a/dotnet/targets/Xamarin.Shared.Sdk.props
+++ b/dotnet/targets/Xamarin.Shared.Sdk.props
@@ -37,9 +37,7 @@
 		-->
 		<_UseNativeAot Condition="'$(PublishAot)' == 'true' And '$(_IsPublishing)' == 'true'">true</_UseNativeAot>
 
-		<UseMonoRuntime Condition=" '$(UseMonoRuntime)' == '' And '$(_PlatformName)' == 'macOS'">false</UseMonoRuntime>
-		<UseMonoRuntime Condition=" '$(UseMonoRuntime)' == '' And '$(_UseNativeAot)' == 'true'">false</UseMonoRuntime>
-		<UseMonoRuntime Condition=" '$(UseMonoRuntime)' == ''">true</UseMonoRuntime>
+		<UseMonoRuntime Condition=" '$(UseMonoRuntime)' == ''">false</UseMonoRuntime>
 
 		<AfterMicrosoftNETSdkTargets>$(AfterMicrosoftNETSdkTargets);$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)Microsoft.$(_PlatformName).Sdk.targets</AfterMicrosoftNETSdkTargets>
 
@@ -91,6 +89,7 @@
 
 		<!-- Tell .NET to skip sanity checks that trigger too eagerly for builds with multiple RuntimeIdentifiers -->
 		<AllowPublishAotWithoutRuntimeIdentifier Condition="'$(AllowPublishAotWithoutRuntimeIdentifier)' == '' And '$(_UseNativeAot)' == 'true'">true</AllowPublishAotWithoutRuntimeIdentifier>
+		<AllowReadyToRunWithoutRuntimeIdentifier Condition="'$(AllowReadyToRunWithoutRuntimeIdentifier)' == '' And '$(RuntimeIdentifiers)' != '' And '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' == ''">true</AllowReadyToRunWithoutRuntimeIdentifier>
 		<AllowSelfContainedWithoutRuntimeIdentifier Condition="'$(AllowSelfContainedWithoutRuntimeIdentifier)' == ''">true</AllowSelfContainedWithoutRuntimeIdentifier>
 
 		<!--
diff --git a/msbuild/Xamarin.MacDev.Tasks/Tasks/MergeAppBundles.cs b/msbuild/Xamarin.MacDev.Tasks/Tasks/MergeAppBundles.cs
index dd9f8bf3ad13..08a9770c4bed 100644
--- a/msbuild/Xamarin.MacDev.Tasks/Tasks/MergeAppBundles.cs
+++ b/msbuild/Xamarin.MacDev.Tasks/Tasks/MergeAppBundles.cs
@@ -186,19 +186,16 @@ public bool IsIdenticalTo (Entry other)
 				return true;
 			}
 
-			public void CopyTo (string outputDirectory, string? subDirectory = null)
+			public void CopyTo (string outputDirectory, string? subDirectory = null, Entry? dependentOn = null)
 			{
 				string outputFile;
 
 				if (subDirectory is null) {
 					outputFile = Path.Combine (outputDirectory, RelativePath);
 				} else {
-					var relativeAppDir = Path.GetDirectoryName (RelativePath);
-					if (string.IsNullOrEmpty (relativeAppDir)) {
-						outputFile = Path.Combine (outputDirectory, subDirectory, RelativePath);
-					} else {
-						outputFile = Path.Combine (outputDirectory, relativeAppDir, subDirectory, Path.GetFileName (RelativePath));
-					}
+					var outputRelativePath = Path.GetDirectoryName (dependentOn?.RelativePath ?? RelativePath) ?? "";
+					var outputRelativeName = RelativePath.Substring (outputRelativePath.Length).TrimStart ('/');
+					outputFile = Path.Combine (outputDirectory, outputRelativePath, subDirectory, outputRelativeName);
 				}
 
 				if (Type == FileType.Directory) {
@@ -221,7 +218,7 @@ public void CopyTo (string outputDirectory, string? subDirectory = null)
 
 				if (DependentFiles is not null) {
 					foreach (var file in DependentFiles)
-						file.CopyTo (outputDirectory, subDirectory);
+						file.CopyTo (outputDirectory, subDirectory, this);
 				}
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/runtime/Makefile b/runtime/Makefile
index 6fb1906925aa..d2f1d2c30eb1 100644
--- a/runtime/Makefile
+++ b/runtime/Makefile
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ MONOTOUCH_ARM64_SOURCE_STEMS = $(patsubst %.s,%,$(patsubst %.m,%,$(SHARED_ARM64_
 # .NET
 #
 
-DOTNET_iOS_LIBRARIES = libextension-dotnet.a
-DOTNET_tvOS_LIBRARIES = libextension-dotnet.a libtvextension-dotnet.a
+DOTNET_iOS_LIBRARIES = libextension-dotnet.a libextension-dotnet-coreclr.a
+DOTNET_tvOS_LIBRARIES = libextension-dotnet.a libtvextension-dotnet.a libextension-dotnet-coreclr.a libtvextension-dotnet-coreclr.a
 DOTNET_macOS_LIBRARIES = libextension-dotnet-coreclr.a
 DOTNET_MacCatalyst_LIBRARIES =
 
diff --git a/scripts/run-with-timeout/README.md b/scripts/run-with-timeout/README.md
index 842d7a738878..cbb69d223440 100644
--- a/scripts/run-with-timeout/README.md
+++ b/scripts/run-with-timeout/README.md
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 This script runs an external process with a few extra features:
 
 * The process will be killed if it takes longer than the specified timeout.
-* The process will be killed if it doesn't launch within 10 seconds. This is
-  implemented by passing the environment variable `LAUNCH_SENTINEL_FILE` (with
-  a path to a file) to the process, which has 10 seconds to create said file.
+* The process will be killed if it doesn't launch within 10 seconds by default.
+  This is implemented by passing the environment variable
+  `LAUNCH_SENTINEL_FILE` (with a path to a file) to the process, which has 10
+  seconds to create said file. Set `LAUNCH_TIMEOUT_SECONDS` to override the
+  default launch timeout when needed.
 * If the launch timed out, the process will be relaunched, up to a maximum of
   10 attempts.
 
diff --git a/scripts/run-with-timeout/run-with-timeout.cs b/scripts/run-with-timeout/run-with-timeout.cs
index 2bbf0d933ce6..cbea3fcb4a53 100755
--- a/scripts/run-with-timeout/run-with-timeout.cs
+++ b/scripts/run-with-timeout/run-with-timeout.cs
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
 }
 
 var launchTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds (10); // must launch within a few seconds.
+var launchTimeoutValue = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable ("LAUNCH_TIMEOUT_SECONDS");
+if (int.TryParse (launchTimeoutValue, out var launchTimeoutSeconds) && launchTimeoutSeconds > 0)
+	launchTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds (launchTimeoutSeconds);
 var argIndex = 0;
 var executionTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds (int.Parse (args [argIndex++]));
 var commands = args.Skip (argIndex).ToArray ();
diff --git a/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/BundleStructureTest.cs b/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/BundleStructureTest.cs
index 13b5f6ca256a..9a6a794f76c6 100644
--- a/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/BundleStructureTest.cs
+++ b/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/BundleStructureTest.cs
@@ -46,23 +46,22 @@ public static List<string> Find (string appPath)
 			return allFiles;
 		}
 
-		internal static void CheckAppBundleContents (ApplePlatform platform, string appPath, string [] runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignature isSigned, bool isReleaseBuild)
+		internal static void CheckAppBundleContents (ApplePlatform platform, string appPath, string [] runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignature isSigned, bool isReleaseBuild, bool isCoreCLR = false)
 		{
 			Console.WriteLine ($"App bundle: {appPath}");
 			Assert.That (appPath, Does.Exist, "App bundle existence");
 			var allFiles = Find (appPath);
-			CheckAppBundleContents (platform, allFiles, runtimeIdentifiers, isSigned, isReleaseBuild, appPath);
+			CheckAppBundleContents (platform, allFiles, runtimeIdentifiers, isSigned, isReleaseBuild, appPath, isCoreCLR: isCoreCLR);
 		}
 
-		internal static void CheckZippedAppBundleContents (ApplePlatform platform, string zippedApp, string [] runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignature isSigned, bool isReleaseBuild)
+		internal static void CheckZippedAppBundleContents (ApplePlatform platform, string zippedApp, string [] runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignature isSigned, bool isReleaseBuild, bool isCoreCLR = false)
 		{
 			var allFiles = ZipHelpers.List (zippedApp);
-			CheckAppBundleContents (platform, allFiles, runtimeIdentifiers, isSigned, isReleaseBuild, null);
+			CheckAppBundleContents (platform, allFiles, runtimeIdentifiers, isSigned, isReleaseBuild, null, isCoreCLR: isCoreCLR);
 		}
 
-		internal static void CheckAppBundleContents (ApplePlatform platform, IEnumerable<string> allFiles, string [] runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignature isSigned, bool isReleaseBuild, string? appPath = null)
+		internal static void CheckAppBundleContents (ApplePlatform platform, IEnumerable<string> allFiles, string [] runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignature isSigned, bool isReleaseBuild, string? appPath = null, bool isCoreCLR = false)
 		{
-			var isCoreCLR = platform == ApplePlatform.MacOSX;
 			var includeDebugFiles = !isReleaseBuild;
 
 			// Remove various files we don't care about (for this test) from the list of files in the app bundle.
@@ -79,13 +78,13 @@ internal static void CheckAppBundleContents (ApplePlatform platform, IEnumerable
 				case "libhostpolicy.dylib":
 				case "libmscordaccore.dylib":
 				case "libmscordbi.dylib":
-					return platform == ApplePlatform.MacOSX;
+					return isCoreCLR;
 				case "libmono-component-debugger.dylib":
 				case "libmono-component-diagnostics_tracing.dylib":
 				case "libmono-component-hot_reload.dylib":
 				case "libmono-component-marshal-ilgen.dylib":
 				case "libmonosgen-2.0.dylib":
-					return platform != ApplePlatform.MacOSX;
+					return !isCoreCLR;
 				case "libSystem.Native.dylib":
 				case "libSystem.Net.Security.Native.dylib":
 				case "libSystem.Globalization.Native.dylib":
@@ -96,6 +95,8 @@ internal static void CheckAppBundleContents (ApplePlatform platform, IEnumerable
 				case "netstandard.dll":
 				case "libxamarin-dotnet-debug.dylib":
 				case "libxamarin-dotnet.dylib":
+				case "libxamarin-dotnet-coreclr-debug.dylib":
+				case "libxamarin-dotnet-coreclr.dylib":
 					return true;
 
 				case "embedded.mobileprovision":
@@ -113,7 +114,27 @@ internal static void CheckAppBundleContents (ApplePlatform platform, IEnumerable
 					return true;
 
 				if (fn.StartsWith ("libSystem.", StringComparison.Ordinal) && fn.EndsWith (".dylib", StringComparison.Ordinal))
-					return platform == ApplePlatform.MacOSX;
+					return isCoreCLR;
+
+				if (isCoreCLR) {
+					// R2R compiled dylib (macOS/MacCatalyst)
+					if (fn.EndsWith (".r2r.dylib", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+						return true;
+
+					// On iOS/tvOS, CoreCLR packages native libraries as .framework bundles.
+					// Filter framework entries where the framework name starts with "lib"
+					// (these are runtime native libraries like libcoreclr, libSystem.Native, etc.)
+					// and the app's R2R framework (BundleStructure.framework).
+					if (v!.Contains (".framework")) {
+						var fwIdx = v.IndexOf (".framework", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+						// Zip entries from remote Windows builds use '\' separators, while local
+						// macOS bundle checks use '/'. Handle both when extracting the framework name.
+						var slashIdx = fwIdx > 0 ? v.LastIndexOfAny ([Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, Path.AltDirectorySeparatorChar], fwIdx - 1) : -1;
+						var frameworkName = v.Substring (slashIdx + 1, fwIdx - slashIdx - 1);
+						if (frameworkName.StartsWith ("lib", StringComparison.Ordinal) || frameworkName == "BundleStructure")
+							return true;
+					}
+				}
 
 				return false;
 			};
@@ -277,7 +298,7 @@ internal static void CheckAppBundleContents (ApplePlatform platform, IEnumerable
 			expectedFiles.Add (Path.Combine (resourcesDirectory, "SubDirectory"));
 			expectedFiles.Add (Path.Combine (resourcesDirectory, "SubDirectory", "AutoIncluded2.txt"));
 
-			expectedFiles.Add (Path.Combine (assemblyDirectory, "FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory.dll"));
+			AddMultiRidAssembly (platform, expectedFiles, assemblyDirectory, "FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory", runtimeIdentifiers, forceSingleRid: !isCoreCLR || platform == ApplePlatform.MacOSX);
 			AddExpectedFrameworkFiles (platform, expectedFiles, "FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1", isSigned);
 			AddExpectedFrameworkFiles (platform, expectedFiles, "FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2", isSigned);
 
@@ -309,10 +330,10 @@ internal static void CheckAppBundleContents (ApplePlatform platform, IEnumerable
 			// misc other files not directly related to the test itself
 			AddMultiRidAssembly (platform, expectedFiles, assemblyDirectory, "BundleStructure", runtimeIdentifiers, addConfig: true, includeDebugFiles: includeDebugFiles);
 			if (platform != ApplePlatform.MacOSX)
-				AddMultiRidAssembly (platform, expectedFiles, assemblyDirectory, "MonoTouch.Dialog", runtimeIdentifiers, forceSingleRid: (platform == ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst && !isReleaseBuild), includeDebugFiles: includeDebugFiles);
-			expectedFiles.Add (Path.Combine (assemblyDirectory, "nunit.framework.dll"));
-			expectedFiles.Add (Path.Combine (assemblyDirectory, "nunitlite.dll"));
-			expectedFiles.Add (Path.Combine (assemblyDirectory, "Mono.Options.dll"));
+				AddMultiRidAssembly (platform, expectedFiles, assemblyDirectory, "MonoTouch.Dialog", runtimeIdentifiers, forceSingleRid: (platform == ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst && !isReleaseBuild && !isCoreCLR), includeDebugFiles: includeDebugFiles);
+			AddMultiRidAssembly (platform, expectedFiles, assemblyDirectory, "nunit.framework", runtimeIdentifiers, forceSingleRid: !isCoreCLR || platform == ApplePlatform.MacOSX);
+			AddMultiRidAssembly (platform, expectedFiles, assemblyDirectory, "nunitlite", runtimeIdentifiers, forceSingleRid: !isCoreCLR || platform == ApplePlatform.MacOSX);
+			AddMultiRidAssembly (platform, expectedFiles, assemblyDirectory, "Mono.Options", runtimeIdentifiers, forceSingleRid: !isCoreCLR || platform == ApplePlatform.MacOSX);
 			AddMultiRidAssembly (platform, expectedFiles, assemblyDirectory, "Touch.Client", runtimeIdentifiers, platform == ApplePlatform.MacOSX || (platform == ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst && !isReleaseBuild), includeDebugFiles: includeDebugFiles);
 			AddMultiRidAssembly (platform, expectedFiles, assemblyDirectory, Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension (Configuration.GetBaseLibraryName (platform)), runtimeIdentifiers, platform == ApplePlatform.MacOSX, includeDebugFiles: includeDebugFiles);
 			expectedFiles.Add (Path.Combine (assemblyDirectory, "runtimeconfig.bin"));
@@ -613,6 +634,22 @@ public enum CodeSignature {
 			All,
 		}
 
+		[Test]
+		// Debug
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", CodeSignature.All, "Debug")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "iossimulator-x64", CodeSignature.All, "Debug")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-x64", CodeSignature.All, "Debug")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-x64;maccatalyst-arm64", CodeSignature.All, "Debug")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.TVOS, "tvos-arm64", CodeSignature.All, "Debug")]
+		// Release
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", CodeSignature.All, "Release")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-x64;maccatalyst-arm64", CodeSignature.All, "Release")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.TVOS, "tvos-arm64", CodeSignature.All, "Release")]
+		public void Build_Mono (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignature signature, string configuration)
+		{
+			Build (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, signature, configuration, true);
+		}
+
 		[Test]
 		// Debug
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", CodeSignature.All, "Debug")]
@@ -627,7 +664,12 @@ public enum CodeSignature {
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-x64;maccatalyst-arm64", CodeSignature.All, "Release")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacOSX, "osx-x64", CodeSignature.All, "Release")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.TVOS, "tvos-arm64", CodeSignature.All, "Release")]
-		public void Build (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignature signature, string configuration)
+		public void Build_CoreCLR (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignature signature, string configuration)
+		{
+			Build (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, signature, configuration, false);
+		}
+
+		void Build (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignature signature, string configuration, bool useMonoRuntime)
 		{
 			var project = "BundleStructure";
 			Configuration.IgnoreIfIgnoredPlatform (platform);
@@ -641,6 +683,7 @@ public void Build (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignat
 			properties ["_IsAppSigned"] = signature != CodeSignature.None ? "true" : "false";
 			if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace (configuration))
 				properties ["Configuration"] = configuration;
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = useMonoRuntime ? "true" : "false";
 			var rv = DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
 			var warnings = BinLog.GetBuildLogWarnings (rv.BinLogPath).ToArray ();
 			var warningMessages = FilterWarnings (warnings);
@@ -678,8 +721,9 @@ public void Build (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignat
 				.ToList ();
 
 			var appExecutable = GetNativeExecutable (platform, appPath);
+			var isCoreCLR = !useMonoRuntime;
 
-			CheckAppBundleContents (platform, appPath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild);
+			CheckAppBundleContents (platform, appPath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild, isCoreCLR: isCoreCLR);
 			CollectionAssert.AreEqual (expectedWarnings, warningMessages, "Warnings");
 			ExecuteWithMagicWordAndAssert (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, appExecutable);
 
@@ -691,7 +735,7 @@ public void Build (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignat
 			warnings = BinLog.GetBuildLogWarnings (rv.BinLogPath).ToArray ();
 			warningMessages = FilterWarnings (warnings);
 
-			CheckAppBundleContents (platform, appPath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild);
+			CheckAppBundleContents (platform, appPath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild, isCoreCLR: isCoreCLR);
 			CollectionAssert.AreEqual (expectedWarnings, warningMessages, "Warnings Rebuild 1");
 			ExecuteWithMagicWordAndAssert (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, appExecutable);
 
@@ -703,7 +747,7 @@ public void Build (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignat
 			warnings = BinLog.GetBuildLogWarnings (rv.BinLogPath).ToArray ();
 			warningMessages = FilterWarnings (warnings);
 
-			CheckAppBundleContents (platform, appPath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild);
+			CheckAppBundleContents (platform, appPath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild, isCoreCLR: isCoreCLR);
 			CollectionAssert.AreEqual (expectedWarnings, warningMessages, "Warnings Rebuild 2");
 			ExecuteWithMagicWordAndAssert (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, appExecutable);
 
@@ -712,7 +756,7 @@ public void Build (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, CodeSignat
 			warnings = BinLog.GetBuildLogWarnings (rv.BinLogPath).ToArray ();
 			warningMessages = FilterWarnings (warnings);
 
-			CheckAppBundleContents (platform, appPath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild);
+			CheckAppBundleContents (platform, appPath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild, isCoreCLR: isCoreCLR);
 			CollectionAssert.AreEqual (expectedWarnings, warningMessages, "Warnings Rebuild 3");
 			ExecuteWithMagicWordAndAssert (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, appExecutable);
 		}
diff --git a/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/IncrementalBuildTest.cs b/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/IncrementalBuildTest.cs
index fbe0736b6bc1..3adb664b3c4f 100644
--- a/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/IncrementalBuildTest.cs
+++ b/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/IncrementalBuildTest.cs
@@ -7,7 +7,20 @@ public class IncrementalBuildTest : TestBaseClass {
 		[Test]
 		// this test is fairly slow, so execute on one arch only
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-arm64")]
-		public void Link (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		public void Link_Mono (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		{
+			LinkImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: true);
+		}
+
+		[Test]
+		// this test is fairly slow, so execute on one arch only
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-arm64")]
+		public void Link_CoreCLR (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		{
+			LinkImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: false);
+		}
+
+		void LinkImpl (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool useMonoRuntime)
 		{
 			var project = "IncrementalTestApp";
 			Configuration.IgnoreIfIgnoredPlatform (platform);
@@ -17,10 +30,13 @@ public void Link (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
 			Clean (project_path);
 			var properties = GetDefaultProperties (runtimeIdentifiers);
 
-			properties ["UseInterpreter"] = "true"; // this makes the test faster
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = useMonoRuntime ? "true" : "false";
+			properties ["UseInterpreter"] = "true"; // this makes the test faster on MonoVM and is ignored by CoreCLR
 
 			// Build the first time
-			DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
+			var rv = DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
+			var allTargets = BinLog.GetAllTargets (rv.BinLogPath);
+			AssertTargetExecuted (allTargets, "_LinkNativeExecutable", "A");
 
 			// Make sure it runs successfully (if on desktop)
 			var appExecutable = GetNativeExecutable (platform, appPath);
@@ -36,7 +52,9 @@ public void Link (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
 
 			// Build again, adding a package with frameworks
 			properties ["IncludeFwInRuntimesNativeDirectory"] = "true";
-			DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
+			rv = DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
+			allTargets = BinLog.GetAllTargets (rv.BinLogPath);
+			AssertTargetExecuted (allTargets, "_LinkNativeExecutable", "B");
 
 			// Executing should work just fine
 			ExecuteWithMagicWordAndAssert (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, appExecutable);
@@ -53,7 +71,15 @@ public void Link (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
 			appExecutableTimestamp = File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc (appExecutable);
 
 			// Build again, not doing anything
-			DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
+			rv = DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
+			allTargets = BinLog.GetAllTargets (rv.BinLogPath);
+			if (useMonoRuntime) {
+				AssertTargetNotExecuted (allTargets, "_LinkNativeExecutable", "C");
+			} else {
+				// With CoreCLR, the app executable is re-linked because the generated R2R
+				// framework participates in the native link inputs and is refreshed each build.
+				AssertTargetExecuted (allTargets, "_LinkNativeExecutable", "C");
+			}
 
 			// Executing should work just fine
 			ExecuteWithMagicWordAndAssert (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, appExecutable);
@@ -63,12 +89,18 @@ public void Link (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
 			Assert.That (lc_load_dylib, Does.Contain ("@rpath/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1"), "C: Should link with @rpath/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1");
 			Assert.That (lc_load_dylib, Does.Contain ("@rpath/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2"), "C: Should link with @rpath/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2");
 
-			// The main executable must not be modified
-			Assert.That (File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc (appExecutable), Is.EqualTo (appExecutableTimestamp), "Modified C");
+			if (useMonoRuntime) {
+				Assert.That (File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc (appExecutable), Is.EqualTo (appExecutableTimestamp), "Modified C");
+			} else {
+				Assert.That (File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc (appExecutable), Is.GreaterThan (appExecutableTimestamp), "Modified C");
+				appExecutableTimestamp = File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc (appExecutable);
+			}
 
 			// Build yet again, now removing the package
 			properties.Remove ("IncludeFwInRuntimesNativeDirectory");
-			DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
+			rv = DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
+			allTargets = BinLog.GetAllTargets (rv.BinLogPath);
+			AssertTargetExecuted (allTargets, "_LinkNativeExecutable", "D");
 
 			// Executing should work just fine
 			ExecuteWithMagicWordAndAssert (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, appExecutable);
@@ -100,6 +132,7 @@ public void NativeLink (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
 
 			var project_path = GenerateProject (platform, name: nameof (NativeLink), runtimeIdentifiers: runtimeIdentifiers, out var appPath);
 			var properties = new Dictionary<string, string> (verbosity);
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = "true"; // this test is only applicable to Mono.
 			SetRuntimeIdentifiers (properties, runtimeIdentifiers);
 
 			var mainContents = @"
@@ -152,6 +185,8 @@ public void Interpreter (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
 			Clean (project_path);
 			var properties = GetDefaultProperties (runtimeIdentifiers);
 
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = "true"; // only applicable when using MonoVM.
+
 			// Build with the interpreter disabled
 			properties ["UseInterpreter"] = "false";
 			DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
@@ -190,19 +225,37 @@ public void Interpreter (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
 		[Test]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "iossimulator-arm64", true)]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "iossimulator-arm64", false)]
-		public void CodeChangeSkipsTargets (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool interpreterEnabled)
+		public void CodeChangeSkipsTargets_Mono (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool interpreterEnabled)
 		{
-			CodeChangeSkipsTargetsImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, interpreterEnabled);
+			CodeChangeSkipsTargetsImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: true, interpreterEnabled: interpreterEnabled);
+		}
+
+		[Test]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "iossimulator-arm64")]
+		public void CodeChangeSkipsTargets_CoreCLR (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		{
+			// With CoreCLR, C# changes don't affect native linking (R2R output is a separate
+			// framework, not an input to _LinkNativeExecutable), so the target is always skipped.
+			CodeChangeSkipsTargetsImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: false, interpreterEnabled: false);
 		}
 
 		[Test]
 		[Category ("RemoteWindows")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "iossimulator-arm64", true)]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "iossimulator-arm64", false)]
-		public void CodeChangeSkipsTargetsOnRemoteWindows (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool interpreterEnabled)
+		public void CodeChangeSkipsTargetsOnRemoteWindows_Mono (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool interpreterEnabled)
+		{
+			Configuration.IgnoreIfNotOnWindows ();
+			CodeChangeSkipsTargetsImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: true, interpreterEnabled: interpreterEnabled);
+		}
+
+		[Test]
+		[Category ("RemoteWindows")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "iossimulator-arm64")]
+		public void CodeChangeSkipsTargetsOnRemoteWindows_CoreCLR (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
 		{
 			Configuration.IgnoreIfNotOnWindows ();
-			CodeChangeSkipsTargetsImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, interpreterEnabled);
+			CodeChangeSkipsTargetsImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: false, interpreterEnabled: false);
 		}
 
 		[Test]
@@ -256,7 +309,7 @@ kernel void myKernel (texture2d<half, access::read> inTexture [[texture(0)]],
 			AssertTargetNotExecuted (allTargets, "_TemperMetal", "Second build");
 		}
 
-		void CodeChangeSkipsTargetsImpl (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool interpreterEnabled)
+		void CodeChangeSkipsTargetsImpl (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool useMonoRuntime, bool interpreterEnabled)
 		{
 			var project = "IncrementalTestApp";
 			Configuration.IgnoreIfIgnoredPlatform (platform);
@@ -266,6 +319,7 @@ void CodeChangeSkipsTargetsImpl (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifie
 			Clean (project_path);
 			var properties = GetDefaultProperties (runtimeIdentifiers);
 
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = useMonoRuntime ? "true" : "false";
 			properties ["UseInterpreter"] = interpreterEnabled.ToString ();
 			properties ["MtouchLink"] = "None";
 
@@ -288,9 +342,12 @@ void CodeChangeSkipsTargetsImpl (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifie
 			// Verify these targets did NOT execute on incremental build after C# change
 			AssertTargetNotExecuted (allTargets, "_CreatePkgInfo", "B");
 			AssertTargetNotExecuted (allTargets, "_CompileNativeExecutable", "B");
-			if (interpreterEnabled) {
+			if (interpreterEnabled || !useMonoRuntime) {
+				// With interpreter enabled, or with CoreCLR (where C# changes don't affect
+				// native linking), _LinkNativeExecutable should be skipped.
 				AssertTargetNotExecuted (allTargets, "_LinkNativeExecutable", "B");
 			} else {
+				// Without interpreter on MonoVM: AOT output changes, forcing a native re-link.
 				AssertTargetExecuted (allTargets, "_LinkNativeExecutable", "B");
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/PostBuildTest.cs b/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/PostBuildTest.cs
index c03a488b39c0..bc409073159a 100644
--- a/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/PostBuildTest.cs
+++ b/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/PostBuildTest.cs
@@ -51,7 +51,20 @@ public void ArchiveTest (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
 		[Test]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.TVOS, "tvos-arm64")]
-		public void BuildIpaTest (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		public void BuildIpaTest_Mono (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		{
+			BuildIpaTestImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: true);
+		}
+
+		[Test]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.TVOS, "tvos-arm64")]
+		public void BuildIpaTest_CoreCLR (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		{
+			BuildIpaTestImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: false);
+		}
+
+		void BuildIpaTestImpl (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool useMonoRuntime)
 		{
 			var project = "MySimpleApp";
 			var configuration = "Release";
@@ -63,13 +76,16 @@ public void BuildIpaTest (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
 			var properties = GetDefaultProperties (runtimeIdentifiers);
 			properties ["BuildIpa"] = "true";
 			properties ["Configuration"] = configuration;
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = useMonoRuntime ? "true" : "false";
 
 			DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
 
 			var pkgPath = Path.Combine (appPath, "..", $"{project}.ipa");
 			Assert.That (pkgPath, Does.Exist, "pkg creation");
 
-			AssertBundleAssembliesStripStatus (appPath, true);
+			// With MonoVM, AOT compiles method bodies to native code and IL gets stripped.
+			// With CoreCLR (R2R), assemblies retain their IL bodies.
+			AssertBundleAssembliesStripStatus (appPath, useMonoRuntime);
 			AssertDSymDirectory (appPath);
 		}
 
@@ -143,13 +159,27 @@ public void BuildPackageTest (string project, ApplePlatform platform, string run
 			Assert.That (pkgPath, Does.Exist, "pkg creation");
 		}
 
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.TVOS, "tvos-arm64")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-arm64")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-arm64;maccatalyst-x64")]
+		public void PublishTest_Mono (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		{
+			PublishTestImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: true);
+		}
+
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.TVOS, "tvos-arm64")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-arm64")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-arm64;maccatalyst-x64")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacOSX, "osx-x64")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacOSX, "osx-arm64;osx-x64")]
-		public void PublishTest (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		public void PublishTest_CoreCLR (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		{
+			PublishTestImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: false);
+		}
+
+		void PublishTestImpl (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool useMonoRuntime)
 		{
 			var project = "MySimpleApp";
 			Configuration.IgnoreIfIgnoredPlatform (platform);
@@ -178,6 +208,7 @@ public void PublishTest (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
 			var pkgPath = Path.Combine (tmpdir, $"MyPackage.{packageExtension}");
 
 			var properties = GetDefaultProperties (runtimeIdentifiers);
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = useMonoRuntime ? "true" : "false";
 			properties [pathVariable] = pkgPath;
 
 			DotNet.AssertPublish (project_path, properties);
diff --git a/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/ProjectTest.cs b/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/ProjectTest.cs
index 233713a75ede..1ae7a1c69fef 100644
--- a/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/ProjectTest.cs
+++ b/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/ProjectTest.cs
@@ -460,7 +460,23 @@ public void InvalidRuntimeIdentifiers (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIde
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", true, "UseInterpreter=true")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-arm64;maccatalyst-x64", false)]
 		[Category ("WindowsInclusive")]
-		public void IsNotMacBuild (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool isDeviceBuild, string? extraProperties = null, string configuration = "Debug")
+		public void IsNotMacBuild_Mono (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool isDeviceBuild, string? extraProperties = null, string configuration = "Debug")
+		{
+			IsNotMacBuild (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, isDeviceBuild, extraProperties, configuration, useMonoRuntime: true);
+		}
+
+		[Test]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "iossimulator-x64", false)]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", true)]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", true, null, "Release")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-arm64;maccatalyst-x64", false)]
+		[Category ("WindowsInclusive")]
+		public void IsNotMacBuild_CoreCLR (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool isDeviceBuild, string? extraProperties = null, string configuration = "Debug")
+		{
+			IsNotMacBuild (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, isDeviceBuild, extraProperties, configuration, useMonoRuntime: false);
+		}
+
+		void IsNotMacBuild (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool isDeviceBuild, string? extraProperties, string configuration, bool useMonoRuntime)
 		{
 			var project = "MySimpleApp";
 			Configuration.IgnoreIfIgnoredPlatform (platform);
@@ -470,6 +486,7 @@ public void IsNotMacBuild (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bo
 			Clean (project_path);
 			var properties = GetDefaultProperties (runtimeIdentifiers);
 			properties ["IsMacEnabled"] = "false";
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = useMonoRuntime ? "true" : "false";
 			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty (configuration))
 				properties ["Configuration"] = configuration;
 			if (extraProperties is not null) {
@@ -2236,12 +2253,19 @@ public void CustomAppBundleDir (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifier
 
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "iossimulator-x64;iossimulator-arm64")]
-		public void PluralRuntimeIdentifiers (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		public void PluralRuntimeIdentifiers_Mono (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		{
+			PluralRuntimeIdentifiersImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: true);
+		}
+
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "iossimulator-x64;iossimulator-arm64")]
+		public void PluralRuntimeIdentifiers_CoreCLR (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
 		{
-			PluralRuntimeIdentifiersImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers);
+			PluralRuntimeIdentifiersImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: false);
 		}
 
-		internal static void PluralRuntimeIdentifiersImpl (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, Dictionary<string, string>? extraProperties = null)
+		internal static void PluralRuntimeIdentifiersImpl (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool useMonoRuntime = false, Dictionary<string, string>? extraProperties = null)
 		{
 			var project = "MySimpleApp";
 			Configuration.IgnoreIfIgnoredPlatform (platform);
@@ -2251,13 +2275,16 @@ internal static void PluralRuntimeIdentifiersImpl (ApplePlatform platform, strin
 			Clean (project_path);
 			var properties = GetDefaultProperties (extraProperties: extraProperties);
 			properties ["RuntimeIdentifiers"] = runtimeIdentifiers;
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = useMonoRuntime ? "true" : "false";
 
 			DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
 		}
 
-		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-x64")]
-		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64")]
-		public void CustomizedCodeSigning (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-x64", true)]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", true)]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-x64", false)]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", false)]
+		public void CustomizedCodeSigning (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, bool useMonoRuntime)
 		{
 			var project = "CustomizedCodeSigning";
 			Configuration.IgnoreIfIgnoredPlatform (platform);
@@ -2265,6 +2292,8 @@ public void CustomizedCodeSigning (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentif
 			var properties = GetDefaultProperties (runtimeIdentifiers);
 			var project_path = GetProjectPath (project, runtimeIdentifiers: runtimeIdentifiers, platform: platform, out var appPath);
 
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = useMonoRuntime ? "true" : "false";
+
 			Clean (project_path);
 			DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
 
@@ -2303,7 +2332,9 @@ public void CustomizedCodeSigning (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentif
 			appBundleContents.ExceptWith (directoriesThatMustExist);
 
 			// And that there are no other signed apps
-			var signatures = appBundleContents.Where (v => v.EndsWith ("_CodeSignature", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+			var signatures = appBundleContents
+				.Where (v => v.EndsWith ("_CodeSignature", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+				.Where (v => useMonoRuntime || !v.Contains (".framework/")); // CoreCLR runtime frameworks are signed - that's expected
 			Assert.That (signatures, Is.Empty, "No other signed app bundles");
 
 			// Assert that some dylibs are signed
@@ -2321,6 +2352,7 @@ public void CustomizedCodeSigning (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentif
 			// And that there are unsigned dylibs, but not the system ones
 			var remainingDylibs = appBundleContents
 				.Where (v => Path.GetExtension (v) == ".dylib")
+				.Where (v => useMonoRuntime || string.IsNullOrEmpty (dylibDir) || Path.GetDirectoryName (v) != dylibDir) // CoreCLR native runtime dylibs are signed - ignore them here
 				.ToArray ();
 			foreach (var unsignedDylib in remainingDylibs) {
 				var path = Path.Combine (appPath, unsignedDylib);
@@ -2903,7 +2935,7 @@ public void DedupEnabledTest (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers,
 			Clean (project_path);
 			var properties = GetDefaultProperties (runtimeIdentifiers);
 			properties ["MtouchInterpreter"] = $"\"{mtouchInterpreter}\"";
-
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = "true"; // this test only apples when using Mono
 			DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
 
 			var objDir = GetObjDir (project_path, platform, runtimeIdentifiers);
@@ -2927,6 +2959,7 @@ public void DedupDisabledTest (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers
 			Clean (project_path);
 			var properties = GetDefaultProperties (runtimeIdentifiers);
 			properties ["MtouchInterpreter"] = $"\"{mtouchInterpreter}\"";
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = "true"; // this test only apples when using Mono
 
 			DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
 
@@ -2948,6 +2981,7 @@ public void DedupUniversalAppTest (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentif
 			Clean (project_path);
 			var properties = GetDefaultProperties (runtimeIdentifiers);
 			properties ["MtouchInterpreter"] = $"\"{mtouchInterpreter}\"";
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = "true"; // this test only apples when using Mono
 
 			DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
 
@@ -2997,6 +3031,41 @@ public void AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath_DisableDirectoryBuildProps (Appl
 			DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
 		}
 
+		static string [] coreclrFrameworks_iOS = [
+			"@rpath/libcoreclr.framework/libcoreclr",
+			"@rpath/libmscordaccore.framework/libmscordaccore",
+			"@rpath/libmscordbi.framework/libmscordbi",
+			"@rpath/libSystem.Globalization.Native.framework/libSystem.Globalization.Native",
+			"@rpath/libSystem.IO.Compression.Native.framework/libSystem.IO.Compression.Native",
+			"@rpath/libSystem.Native.framework/libSystem.Native",
+			"@rpath/libSystem.Net.Security.Native.framework/libSystem.Net.Security.Native",
+			"@rpath/libSystem.Security.Cryptography.Native.Apple.framework/libSystem.Security.Cryptography.Native.Apple",
+			"@rpath/MySimpleApp.framework/MySimpleApp",
+		];
+
+		static string [] coreclrFrameworks_tvOS = [
+			"@rpath/libcoreclr.framework/libcoreclr",
+			"@rpath/libmscordaccore.framework/libmscordaccore",
+			"@rpath/libmscordbi.framework/libmscordbi",
+			"@rpath/libSystem.Globalization.Native.framework/libSystem.Globalization.Native",
+			"@rpath/libSystem.IO.Compression.Native.framework/libSystem.IO.Compression.Native",
+			"@rpath/libSystem.Native.framework/libSystem.Native",
+			"@rpath/libSystem.Security.Cryptography.Native.Apple.framework/libSystem.Security.Cryptography.Native.Apple",
+			"@rpath/MySimpleApp.framework/MySimpleApp",
+		];
+
+		static string [] coreclrFrameworks_MacCatalyst = [
+			"@executable_path/../../Contents/MonoBundle/libcoreclr.dylib",
+			"@executable_path/../../Contents/MonoBundle/libmscordaccore.dylib",
+			"@executable_path/../../Contents/MonoBundle/libmscordbi.dylib",
+			"@executable_path/../../Contents/MonoBundle/libSystem.Globalization.Native.dylib",
+			"@executable_path/../../Contents/MonoBundle/libSystem.IO.Compression.Native.dylib",
+			"@executable_path/../../Contents/MonoBundle/libSystem.Native.dylib",
+			"@executable_path/../../Contents/MonoBundle/libSystem.Net.Security.Native.dylib",
+			"@executable_path/../../Contents/MonoBundle/libSystem.Security.Cryptography.Native.Apple.dylib",
+			"@executable_path/../../Contents/MonoBundle/MySimpleApp.r2r.dylib",
+		];
+
 		static string [] expectedFrameworks_iOS_None = [
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Accelerate",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/Accessibility.framework/Accessibility",
@@ -3147,7 +3216,6 @@ public void AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath_DisableDirectoryBuildProps (Appl
 			"/usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib",
 			"/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib",
 			"/usr/lib/libz.1.dylib",
-			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CryptoKit.framework/CryptoKit",
 			"/usr/lib/libicucore.A.dylib",
 			"/usr/lib/swift/libswiftCore.dylib",
 			"/usr/lib/swift/libswiftCoreFoundation.dylib",
@@ -3167,6 +3235,11 @@ public void AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath_DisableDirectoryBuildProps (Appl
 			"/usr/lib/swift/libswiftXPC.dylib",
 		];
 
+		static string [] expectedFrameworks_iOS_None_Mono = [
+			.. expectedFrameworks_iOS_None,
+			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CryptoKit.framework/CryptoKit",
+		];
+
 		static string [] expectedFrameworks_iOS_Full = [
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CFNetwork.framework/CFNetwork",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation",
@@ -3183,6 +3256,8 @@ public void AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath_DisableDirectoryBuildProps (Appl
 			"/usr/lib/libz.1.dylib",
 		];
 
+		static string [] expectedFrameworks_iOS_Full_Mono = expectedFrameworks_iOS_Full;
+
 		static string [] expectedFrameworks_tvOS_None = [
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Accelerate",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/Accessibility.framework/Accessibility",
@@ -3211,7 +3286,6 @@ public void AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath_DisableDirectoryBuildProps (Appl
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreSpotlight.framework/CoreSpotlight",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreText.framework/CoreText",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreVideo.framework/CoreVideo",
-			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CryptoKit.framework/CryptoKit",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CryptoTokenKit.framework/CryptoTokenKit",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/DataDetection.framework/DataDetection",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/DeviceCheck.framework/DeviceCheck",
@@ -3296,6 +3370,11 @@ public void AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath_DisableDirectoryBuildProps (Appl
 			"/usr/lib/swift/libswiftXPC.dylib",
 		];
 
+		static string [] expectedFrameworks_tvOS_None_Mono = [
+			.. expectedFrameworks_tvOS_None,
+			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CryptoKit.framework/CryptoKit",
+		];
+
 		static string [] expectedFrameworks_tvOS_Full = [
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Foundation",
@@ -3310,6 +3389,8 @@ public void AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath_DisableDirectoryBuildProps (Appl
 			"/usr/lib/libz.1.dylib",
 		];
 
+		static string [] expectedFrameworks_tvOS_Full_Mono = expectedFrameworks_tvOS_Full;
+
 		static string [] expectedFrameworks_macOS_None = [
 			"@executable_path/../../Contents/MonoBundle/libclrgc.dylib",
 			"@executable_path/../../Contents/MonoBundle/libclrgcexp.dylib",
@@ -3596,7 +3677,6 @@ public void AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath_DisableDirectoryBuildProps (Appl
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreText.framework/Versions/A/CoreText",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreVideo.framework/Versions/A/CoreVideo",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreWLAN.framework/Versions/A/CoreWLAN",
-			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CryptoKit.framework/Versions/A/CryptoKit",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CryptoTokenKit.framework/Versions/A/CryptoTokenKit",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/DataDetection.framework/Versions/A/DataDetection",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/DeviceCheck.framework/Versions/A/DeviceCheck",
@@ -3672,6 +3752,11 @@ public void AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath_DisableDirectoryBuildProps (Appl
 			"/usr/lib/swift/libswiftXPC.dylib",
 		];
 
+		static string [] expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_None_Mono = [
+			.. expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_None,
+			"/System/Library/Frameworks/CryptoKit.framework/Versions/A/CryptoKit",
+		];
+
 		static string [] expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_Full = [
 			"/System/iOSSupport/System/Library/Frameworks/UIKit.framework/Versions/A/UIKit",
 			"/System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/Versions/C/AppKit",
@@ -3692,7 +3777,34 @@ public void AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath_DisableDirectoryBuildProps (Appl
 			"/usr/lib/libz.1.dylib",
 		];
 
-		static IEnumerable<TestCaseData> GetLinkedWithNativeLibrariesTestCases ()
+		static string [] expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_Full_Mono = expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_Full;
+
+		static string [] expectedFrameworks_iOS_None_CoreCLR = [
+			.. coreclrFrameworks_iOS,
+			.. expectedFrameworks_iOS_None,
+		];
+		static string [] expectedFrameworks_iOS_Full_CoreCLR = [
+			.. coreclrFrameworks_iOS,
+			.. expectedFrameworks_iOS_Full,
+		];
+		static string [] expectedFrameworks_tvOS_None_CoreCLR = [
+			.. coreclrFrameworks_tvOS,
+			.. expectedFrameworks_tvOS_None,
+		];
+		static string [] expectedFrameworks_tvOS_Full_CoreCLR = [
+			.. coreclrFrameworks_tvOS,
+			.. expectedFrameworks_tvOS_Full,
+		];
+		static string [] expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_None_CoreCLR = [
+			.. coreclrFrameworks_MacCatalyst,
+			.. expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_None,
+		];
+		static string [] expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_Full_CoreCLR = [
+			.. coreclrFrameworks_MacCatalyst,
+			.. expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_Full,
+		];
+
+		static IEnumerable<TestCaseData> GetLinkedWithNativeLibrariesTestCases_Mono ()
 		{
 			// Generally speaking, whenever we bind a new framework, we'll have to adjust the LinkMode="None" test cases,
 			// but we shouldn't have to adjust the LinkMode="Full" test cases (which would typically mean that we'll end
@@ -3703,18 +3815,48 @@ static IEnumerable<TestCaseData> GetLinkedWithNativeLibrariesTestCases ()
 			// However, new .NET versions often require updates to both the "None" and "Full lists of frameworks and libraries.
 			//
 
-			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", "None", expectedFrameworks_iOS_None);
-			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", "Full", expectedFrameworks_iOS_Full);
-			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.TVOS, "tvos-arm64", "None", expectedFrameworks_tvOS_None);
-			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.TVOS, "tvos-arm64", "Full", expectedFrameworks_tvOS_Full);
+			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", "None", expectedFrameworks_iOS_None_Mono);
+			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", "Full", expectedFrameworks_iOS_Full_Mono);
+			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.TVOS, "tvos-arm64", "None", expectedFrameworks_tvOS_None_Mono);
+			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.TVOS, "tvos-arm64", "Full", expectedFrameworks_tvOS_Full_Mono);
+			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-x64", "None", expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_None_Mono);
+			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-x64", "Full", expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_Full_Mono);
+		}
+
+		static IEnumerable<TestCaseData> GetLinkedWithNativeLibrariesTestCases_CoreCLR ()
+		{
+			// Generally speaking, whenever we bind a new framework, we'll have to adjust the LinkMode="None" test cases,
+			// but we shouldn't have to adjust the LinkMode="Full" test cases (which would typically mean that we'll end
+			// up linking with said framework in every app - it's also an indication that we're not trimming away as much
+			// as we want, because just adding an (unused) framework shouldn't make it impossible to trim away all the
+			// code in that framework).
+			//
+			// However, new .NET versions often require updates to both the "None" and "Full lists of frameworks and libraries.
+			//
+
+			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", "None", expectedFrameworks_iOS_None_CoreCLR);
+			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", "Full", expectedFrameworks_iOS_Full_CoreCLR);
+			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.TVOS, "tvos-arm64", "None", expectedFrameworks_tvOS_None_CoreCLR);
+			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.TVOS, "tvos-arm64", "Full", expectedFrameworks_tvOS_Full_CoreCLR);
 			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.MacOSX, "osx-arm64", "None", expectedFrameworks_macOS_None);
 			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.MacOSX, "osx-arm64", "Full", expectedFrameworks_macOS_Full);
-			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-x64", "None", expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_None);
-			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-x64", "Full", expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_Full);
+			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-x64", "None", expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_None_CoreCLR);
+			yield return new TestCaseData (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst, "maccatalyst-x64", "Full", expectedFrameworks_MacCatalyst_Full_CoreCLR);
+		}
+
+		[TestCaseSource (nameof (GetLinkedWithNativeLibrariesTestCases_Mono))]
+		public void LinkedWithNativeLibraries_Mono (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, string linkMode, string [] expectedFrameworks)
+		{
+			LinkedWithNativeLibraries (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, linkMode, expectedFrameworks, useMonoRuntime: true);
+		}
+
+		[TestCaseSource (nameof (GetLinkedWithNativeLibrariesTestCases_CoreCLR))]
+		public void LinkedWithNativeLibraries_CoreCLR (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, string linkMode, string [] expectedFrameworks)
+		{
+			LinkedWithNativeLibraries (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, linkMode, expectedFrameworks, useMonoRuntime: false);
 		}
 
-		[TestCaseSource (nameof (GetLinkedWithNativeLibrariesTestCases))]
-		public void LinkedWithNativeLibraries (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, string linkMode, string [] expectedFrameworks)
+		void LinkedWithNativeLibraries (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, string linkMode, string [] expectedFrameworks, bool useMonoRuntime)
 		{
 			var project = "MySimpleApp";
 			Configuration.IgnoreIfIgnoredPlatform (platform);
@@ -3725,6 +3867,7 @@ public void LinkedWithNativeLibraries (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIde
 			var properties = GetDefaultProperties (runtimeIdentifiers);
 			properties ["MtouchLink"] = linkMode;
 			properties ["LinkMode"] = linkMode;
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = useMonoRuntime ? "true" : "false";
 			if (platform != ApplePlatform.MacOSX)
 				properties ["UseInterpreter"] = "true"; // just to speed up the build
 			DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
diff --git a/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/WindowsTest.cs b/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/WindowsTest.cs
index e3e2252bc714..b6bf12718538 100644
--- a/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/WindowsTest.cs
+++ b/tests/dotnet/UnitTests/WindowsTest.cs
@@ -116,7 +116,19 @@ void AssertMaxFileLengthInBinAndObjDirectories (ApplePlatform platform, string p
 
 		[Category ("RemoteWindows")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", BundleStructureTest.CodeSignature.All, "Debug")]
-		public void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, BundleStructureTest.CodeSignature signature, string configuration)
+		public void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac_Mono (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, BundleStructureTest.CodeSignature signature, string configuration)
+		{
+			BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, signature, configuration, useMonoRuntime: true);
+		}
+
+		[Category ("RemoteWindows")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64", BundleStructureTest.CodeSignature.All, "Debug")]
+		public void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac_CoreCLR (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, BundleStructureTest.CodeSignature signature, string configuration)
+		{
+			BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, signature, configuration, useMonoRuntime: false);
+		}
+
+		void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers, BundleStructureTest.CodeSignature signature, string configuration, bool useMonoRuntime)
 		{
 			var project = "BundleStructure";
 			Configuration.IgnoreIfIgnoredPlatform (platform);
@@ -131,6 +143,7 @@ public void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (ApplePlatform platform, string runtime
 			properties ["_IsAppSigned"] = signature != BundleStructureTest.CodeSignature.None ? "true" : "false";
 			if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace (configuration))
 				properties ["Configuration"] = configuration;
+			properties ["UseMonoRuntime"] = useMonoRuntime ? "true" : "false";
 
 			// Copy the app bundle to Windows so that we can inspect the results.
 			properties ["CopyAppBundleToWindows"] = "true";
@@ -140,6 +153,8 @@ public void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (ApplePlatform platform, string runtime
 			var warningMessages = BundleStructureTest.FilterWarnings (warnings, canonicalizePaths: true);
 
 			var isReleaseBuild = string.Equals (configuration, "Release", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+			var isCoreCLR = !useMonoRuntime;
+			var maxPathLength = isCoreCLR ? 180 : 118;
 			var platformString = platform.AsString ();
 			var tfm = platform.ToFramework ();
 			var testsDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName (Path.GetDirectoryName (project_dir))!;
@@ -181,7 +196,7 @@ public void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (ApplePlatform platform, string runtime
 			var compileAppManifestInputsPath = Path.Combine (objDir, "_CompileAppManifest.inputs");
 			var sharedDotNetPlistPath = Path.Combine (objDir, "unpack", "bindings-framework-test", "PartialAppManifest", "shared-dotnet.plist");
 
-			BundleStructureTest.CheckZippedAppBundleContents (platform, zippedAppBundlePath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild);
+			BundleStructureTest.CheckZippedAppBundleContents (platform, zippedAppBundlePath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild, isCoreCLR: isCoreCLR);
 			AssertWarningsEqual (expectedWarnings, warningMessages, "Warnings");
 			ExecuteWithMagicWordAndAssert (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, appExecutable);
 
@@ -200,7 +215,8 @@ public void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (ApplePlatform platform, string runtime
 			});
 
 			// Verify that we don't create files with long paths inside bin/obj
-			AssertMaxFileLengthInBinAndObjDirectories (platform, project_path, runtimeIdentifiers, configuration);
+			// CoreCLR adds longer framework names in bin/obj (for example libSystem.Security.Cryptography.Native.Apple.framework).
+			AssertMaxFileLengthInBinAndObjDirectories (platform, project_path, runtimeIdentifiers, configuration, maxLength: maxPathLength);
 
 			// touch AppDelegate.cs, and rebuild should succeed and do the right thing
 			var appDelegatePath = Path.Combine (project_dir, "AppDelegate.cs");
@@ -211,7 +227,7 @@ public void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (ApplePlatform platform, string runtime
 			warnings = BinLog.GetBuildLogWarnings (rv.BinLogPath).ToArray ();
 			warningMessages = BundleStructureTest.FilterWarnings (warnings, canonicalizePaths: true);
 
-			BundleStructureTest.CheckZippedAppBundleContents (platform, zippedAppBundlePath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild);
+			BundleStructureTest.CheckZippedAppBundleContents (platform, zippedAppBundlePath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild, isCoreCLR: isCoreCLR);
 			AssertWarningsEqual (expectedWarnings, warningMessages, "Warnings Rebuild 1");
 			AssertFileStateUnchanged (sharedDotNetPlistState, sharedDotNetPlistPath, "Rebuild 1: shared-dotnet.plist");
 			AssertFileStateUnchanged (compileAppManifestInputsState, compileAppManifestInputsPath, "Rebuild 1: _CompileAppManifest.inputs");
@@ -220,7 +236,7 @@ public void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (ApplePlatform platform, string runtime
 			ExecuteWithMagicWordAndAssert (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, appExecutable);
 
 			// Verify that we don't create files with long paths inside bin/obj
-			AssertMaxFileLengthInBinAndObjDirectories (platform, project_path, runtimeIdentifiers, configuration);
+			AssertMaxFileLengthInBinAndObjDirectories (platform, project_path, runtimeIdentifiers, configuration, maxLength: maxPathLength);
 
 			// remove the bin directory, and rebuild should succeed and do the right thing
 			var binDirectory = Path.Combine (Path.GetDirectoryName (project_path)!, "bin");
@@ -231,7 +247,7 @@ public void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (ApplePlatform platform, string runtime
 			warnings = BinLog.GetBuildLogWarnings (rv.BinLogPath).ToArray ();
 			warningMessages = BundleStructureTest.FilterWarnings (warnings, canonicalizePaths: true);
 
-			BundleStructureTest.CheckZippedAppBundleContents (platform, zippedAppBundlePath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild);
+			BundleStructureTest.CheckZippedAppBundleContents (platform, zippedAppBundlePath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild, isCoreCLR: isCoreCLR);
 			AssertWarningsEqual (expectedWarnings, warningMessages, "Warnings Rebuild 2");
 			AssertFileStateUnchanged (sharedDotNetPlistState, sharedDotNetPlistPath, "Rebuild 2: shared-dotnet.plist");
 			AssertFileStateUnchanged (compileAppManifestInputsState, compileAppManifestInputsPath, "Rebuild 2: _CompileAppManifest.inputs");
@@ -240,7 +256,7 @@ public void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (ApplePlatform platform, string runtime
 			ExecuteWithMagicWordAndAssert (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, appExecutable);
 
 			// Verify that we don't create files with long paths inside bin/obj
-			AssertMaxFileLengthInBinAndObjDirectories (platform, project_path, runtimeIdentifiers, configuration);
+			AssertMaxFileLengthInBinAndObjDirectories (platform, project_path, runtimeIdentifiers, configuration, maxLength: maxPathLength);
 
 			// a simple rebuild should succeed
 			rv = DotNet.AssertBuild (project_path, properties);
@@ -248,7 +264,7 @@ public void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (ApplePlatform platform, string runtime
 			warnings = BinLog.GetBuildLogWarnings (rv.BinLogPath).ToArray ();
 			warningMessages = BundleStructureTest.FilterWarnings (warnings, canonicalizePaths: true);
 
-			BundleStructureTest.CheckZippedAppBundleContents (platform, zippedAppBundlePath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild);
+			BundleStructureTest.CheckZippedAppBundleContents (platform, zippedAppBundlePath, rids, signature, isReleaseBuild, isCoreCLR: isCoreCLR);
 			AssertWarningsEqual (expectedWarnings, warningMessages, "Warnings Rebuild 3");
 			AssertFileStateUnchanged (sharedDotNetPlistState, sharedDotNetPlistPath, "Rebuild 3: shared-dotnet.plist");
 			AssertFileStateUnchanged (compileAppManifestInputsState, compileAppManifestInputsPath, "Rebuild 3: _CompileAppManifest.inputs");
@@ -257,16 +273,25 @@ public void BundleStructureWithRemoteMac (ApplePlatform platform, string runtime
 			ExecuteWithMagicWordAndAssert (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, appExecutable);
 
 			// Verify that we don't create files with long paths inside bin/obj
-			AssertMaxFileLengthInBinAndObjDirectories (platform, project_path, runtimeIdentifiers, configuration);
+			AssertMaxFileLengthInBinAndObjDirectories (platform, project_path, runtimeIdentifiers, configuration, maxLength: maxPathLength);
+		}
+
+		[Category ("RemoteWindows")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64")]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "iossimulator-arm64;iossimulator-x64")]
+		public void PluralRuntimeIdentifiersWithRemoteMac_Mono (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		{
+			var properties = AddRemoteProperties ();
+			DotNetProjectTest.PluralRuntimeIdentifiersImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: true, extraProperties: properties);
 		}
 
 		[Category ("RemoteWindows")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "ios-arm64")]
 		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS, "iossimulator-arm64;iossimulator-x64")]
-		public void PluralRuntimeIdentifiersWithRemoteMac (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
+		public void PluralRuntimeIdentifiersWithRemoteMac_CoreCLR (ApplePlatform platform, string runtimeIdentifiers)
 		{
 			var properties = AddRemoteProperties ();
-			DotNetProjectTest.PluralRuntimeIdentifiersImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, properties);
+			DotNetProjectTest.PluralRuntimeIdentifiersImpl (platform, runtimeIdentifiers, useMonoRuntime: false, extraProperties: properties);
 		}
 
 		[Category ("RemoteWindows")]
diff --git a/tests/monotouch-test/ObjCRuntime/ResourcesTest.cs b/tests/monotouch-test/ObjCRuntime/ResourcesTest.cs
index 1899894d3ae2..1648ce3152df 100644
--- a/tests/monotouch-test/ObjCRuntime/ResourcesTest.cs
+++ b/tests/monotouch-test/ObjCRuntime/ResourcesTest.cs
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ public class ResourcesTest {
 		public void Embedded ()
 		{
 			var manager = new ResourceManager ("monotouchtest.Welcome", typeof (ResourcesTest).Assembly);
-
 			Assert.AreEqual ("Welcome!", manager.GetString ("String1", new CultureInfo ("en")), "en");
 			Assert.AreEqual ("G'day!", manager.GetString ("String1", new CultureInfo ("en-AU")), "en-AU");
 			Assert.AreEqual ("Willkommen!", manager.GetString ("String1", new CultureInfo ("de")), "de");
diff --git a/tests/msbuild/Xamarin.MacDev.Tasks.Tests/TaskTests/MergeAppBundleTaskTest.cs b/tests/msbuild/Xamarin.MacDev.Tasks.Tests/TaskTests/MergeAppBundleTaskTest.cs
index 29a8e9650f2b..0b6af35f906b 100644
--- a/tests/msbuild/Xamarin.MacDev.Tasks.Tests/TaskTests/MergeAppBundleTaskTest.cs
+++ b/tests/msbuild/Xamarin.MacDev.Tasks.Tests/TaskTests/MergeAppBundleTaskTest.cs
@@ -139,6 +139,48 @@ public void TestPEAssembly ()
 				Assert.That (Path.Combine (outputBundle, file), Does.Exist, $"File existence");
 		}
 
+		[Test]
+		public void TestArchitectureSpecificSatelliteAssemblies ()
+		{
+			var assemblyFiles = new string [] {
+				Path.Combine ("Contents", "MonoBundle", "ComplexAssembly.pdb"),
+				Path.Combine ("Contents", "MonoBundle", "ComplexAssembly.dll.config"),
+				Path.Combine ("Contents", "MonoBundle", "de", "ComplexAssembly.resources.dll"),
+				Path.Combine ("Contents", "MonoBundle", "en-AU", "ComplexAssembly.resources.dll"),
+			};
+			var sourceRoot = Cache.CreateTemporaryDirectory ();
+			var sourceA = Path.Combine (sourceRoot, "A");
+			var sourceB = Path.Combine (sourceRoot, "B");
+			Directory.CreateDirectory (sourceA);
+			Directory.CreateDirectory (sourceB);
+
+			foreach (var source in new [] { sourceA, sourceB }) {
+				foreach (var file in assemblyFiles) {
+					var fullPath = Path.Combine (source, file);
+					Directory.CreateDirectory (Path.GetDirectoryName (fullPath)!);
+					File.WriteAllText (fullPath, file);
+				}
+			}
+
+			File.WriteAllText (Path.Combine (sourceA, "Contents", "MonoBundle", "ComplexAssembly.dll"), "A");
+			File.WriteAllText (Path.Combine (sourceB, "Contents", "MonoBundle", "ComplexAssembly.dll"), "B");
+
+			var mainAssembly = Path.Combine ("Contents", "MonoBundle", "ComplexAssembly.dll");
+			var appA = CreateAppBundle (sourceA, mainAssembly, assemblyFiles [0], assemblyFiles [1], assemblyFiles [2], assemblyFiles [3]);
+			var appB = CreateAppBundle (sourceB, mainAssembly, assemblyFiles [0], assemblyFiles [1], assemblyFiles [2], assemblyFiles [3]);
+
+			var outputBundle = Path.Combine (Cache.CreateTemporaryDirectory (), "Merged.app");
+			var task = CreateTask (outputBundle, appA, appB);
+			ExecuteTask (task);
+
+			Assert.That (Path.Combine (outputBundle, "Contents", "MonoBundle", "SubDir1", "ComplexAssembly.dll"), Does.Exist, "SubDir1 assembly");
+			Assert.That (Path.Combine (outputBundle, "Contents", "MonoBundle", "SubDir2", "ComplexAssembly.dll"), Does.Exist, "SubDir2 assembly");
+			Assert.That (Path.Combine (outputBundle, "Contents", "MonoBundle", "SubDir1", "de", "ComplexAssembly.resources.dll"), Does.Exist, "SubDir1 de satellite");
+			Assert.That (Path.Combine (outputBundle, "Contents", "MonoBundle", "SubDir2", "en-AU", "ComplexAssembly.resources.dll"), Does.Exist, "SubDir2 en-AU satellite");
+			Assert.That (Path.Combine (outputBundle, "Contents", "MonoBundle", "de", "SubDir1", "ComplexAssembly.resources.dll"), Does.Not.Exist, "Incorrect de satellite path");
+			Assert.That (Path.Combine (outputBundle, "Contents", "MonoBundle", "en-AU", "SubDir2", "ComplexAssembly.resources.dll"), Does.Not.Exist, "Incorrect en-AU satellite path");
+		}
+
 		[Test]
 		public void TestDifferentOtherFiles ()
 		{
diff --git a/tests/packaged-macos-tests.mk b/tests/packaged-macos-tests.mk
index 5322ed206c31..5baccced7539 100644
--- a/tests/packaged-macos-tests.mk
+++ b/tests/packaged-macos-tests.mk
@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ endif
 
 CONFIG?=Debug
 LAUNCH_ARGUMENTS=--autostart --autoexit
+DOTNET_X64_LAUNCH_TIMEOUT_ENV=
+
+ifeq ($(IS_APPLE_SILICON),1)
+DOTNET_X64_LAUNCH_TIMEOUT_ENV=env LAUNCH_TIMEOUT_SECONDS=30
+endif
 
 include $(TOP)/scripts/run-with-timeout/fragment.mk
 include $(TOP)/scripts/mac-test-report-generator/fragment.mk
@@ -58,7 +63,7 @@ build-mac-dotnet-x64-$(1): .stamp-dotnet-dependency-macOS
 
 exec-mac-dotnet-x64-$(1): $(RUN_WITH_TIMEOUT)
 	@echo "ℹ️  Executing the '$(1)' test for macOS/.NET (x64) ℹ️"
-	$$(Q) $(LAUNCH_WITH_TIMEOUT$(3)) "./$(1)/dotnet/macOS/bin/$(CONFIG)/$(DOTNET_TFM)-macos/osx-x64/$(2).app/Contents/MacOS/$(2)"
+	$$(Q) $(DOTNET_X64_LAUNCH_TIMEOUT_ENV) $(LAUNCH_WITH_TIMEOUT$(3)) "./$(1)/dotnet/macOS/bin/$(CONFIG)/$(DOTNET_TFM)-macos/osx-x64/$(2).app/Contents/MacOS/$(2)"
 
 # macOS/.NET/arm64
 build-mac-dotnet-arm64-$(1): .stamp-dotnet-dependency-macOS
@@ -78,7 +83,7 @@ build-maccatalyst-dotnet-x64-$(1): .stamp-dotnet-dependency-MacCatalyst
 
 exec-maccatalyst-dotnet-x64-$(1): $(RUN_WITH_TIMEOUT)
 	@echo "ℹ️  Executing the '$(1)' test for Mac Catalyst/.NET (x64) ℹ️"
-	$$(Q) $(LAUNCH_WITH_TIMEOUT$(3)) "./$(1)/dotnet/MacCatalyst/bin/$(CONFIG)/$(DOTNET_TFM)-maccatalyst/maccatalyst-x64/$(2).app/Contents/MacOS/$(2)" $(LAUNCH_ARGUMENTS)
+	$$(Q) $(DOTNET_X64_LAUNCH_TIMEOUT_ENV) $(LAUNCH_WITH_TIMEOUT$(3)) "./$(1)/dotnet/MacCatalyst/bin/$(CONFIG)/$(DOTNET_TFM)-maccatalyst/maccatalyst-x64/$(2).app/Contents/MacOS/$(2)" $(LAUNCH_ARGUMENTS)
 
 # MacCatalyst/.NET/arm64
 build-maccatalyst-dotnet-arm64-$(1):.stamp-dotnet-dependency-MacCatalyst
@@ -129,7 +134,7 @@ build-mac-dotnet-x64-$(1): .stamp-dotnet-dependency-macOS
 
 exec-mac-dotnet-x64-$(1): $(RUN_WITH_TIMEOUT)
 	@echo "ℹ️  Executing the '$(2)' test for macOS/.NET (x64) ℹ️"
-	$$(Q) $(LAUNCH_WITH_TIMEOUT) "./linker/$(2)/dotnet/macOS/bin/$(CONFIG)/$(DOTNET_TFM)-macos/osx-x64/$(2).app/Contents/MacOS/$(2)"
+	$$(Q) $(DOTNET_X64_LAUNCH_TIMEOUT_ENV) $(LAUNCH_WITH_TIMEOUT) "./linker/$(2)/dotnet/macOS/bin/$(CONFIG)/$(DOTNET_TFM)-macos/osx-x64/$(2).app/Contents/MacOS/$(2)"
 
 # macOS/.NET/arm64
 build-mac-dotnet-arm64-$(1): .stamp-dotnet-dependency-macOS
@@ -149,7 +154,7 @@ build-maccatalyst-dotnet-x64-$(1): .stamp-dotnet-dependency-MacCatalyst
 
 exec-maccatalyst-dotnet-x64-$(1): $(RUN_WITH_TIMEOUT)
 	@echo "ℹ️  Executing the '$(2)' test for Mac Catalyst/.NET (x64) ℹ️"
-	$$(Q) $(LAUNCH_WITH_TIMEOUT) "./linker/$(2)/dotnet/MacCatalyst/bin/$(CONFIG)/$(DOTNET_TFM)-maccatalyst/maccatalyst-x64/$(2).app/Contents/MacOS/$(2)" $(LAUNCH_ARGUMENTS)
+	$$(Q) $(DOTNET_X64_LAUNCH_TIMEOUT_ENV) $(LAUNCH_WITH_TIMEOUT) "./linker/$(2)/dotnet/MacCatalyst/bin/$(CONFIG)/$(DOTNET_TFM)-maccatalyst/maccatalyst-x64/$(2).app/Contents/MacOS/$(2)" $(LAUNCH_ARGUMENTS)
 
 # MacCatalyst/.NET/arm64
 build-maccatalyst-dotnet-arm64-$(1): .stamp-dotnet-dependency-MacCatalyst