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GridVane: System Architecture & Technical Specification

IEEE ClimateChain Global Hackathon 2026 — Engineering Deliverable #2

1. End-to-End Cyber-Physical Architecture

flowchart TB
    subgraph L1["Layer 1: Physical Grid & Meteorological Telemetry (ERA5 / CMIP6 / Open-Meteo)"]
        M1["Live Open-Meteo & EURO-CORDEX / CMIP6 (SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5)"]
        M2["Baran & Wu IEEE 33-Bus Radial Feeder (12.66 kV, 32 Branches)"]
        M3["6 Monitored Distribution Transformers (IEEE Std C57.91-2011)"]
        M4["Rooftop PV + EV V2G Hubs + Vulnerable Cooling Refuges (Buses 7, 14, 29)"]
    end

    subgraph L2["Layer 2: Kirchhoff Physics-Residual Firewall & Post-Quantum Attestation"]
        K1["DistFlow AC Power & Voltage Residual Gate (r_ij <= 2.5 kW)"]
        K2["NIST FIPS 204 ML-DSA-65 Lattice Signatures (1,952B PK / 3,309B Sig)"]
        K3["PP-PQB Blinded Household Load Range Commitment (SHA3-256)"]
    end

    subgraph L3["Layer 3: Explainable AI (XAI) Thermo-Carbon VPP & Equity Guardrail"]
        O1["Locational Marginal Emissions Engine: LME_{i,t} = MEF_t * (1 + dPloss/dP_i)"]
        O2["Multi-Objective Co-Optimizer (Carbon + Trafo F_AA + EV Arrhenius SoH)"]
        O3["Shapley Feature Attribution & Responsible AI Thermal-Equity Gate"]
    end

    subgraph L4["Layer 4: IEEE P3271.01 Recurring DLT & Triple-Silo Smart Contract"]
        B1["GridVaneSettlement.sol (Arbitrum Sepolia / EVM)"]
        B2["IEEE P3271.01 15-Min Recurring Settlement Channels + Autonomous Failover"]
        B3["Triple-Silo Atomic Lock (VCM Verra/GS <-> I-REC <-> EU CBAM / TSRS / Art. 6.2)"]
    end

    L1 --> L2 --> L3 --> L4
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2. Mathematical Formulation of Core Engines

2.1 Iterative Forward-Backward Sweep (DistFlow) AC Power Flow (src/lib/physics/ieee33bus.ts)

On the standard Baran & Wu (1989) IEEE 33-Bus radial distribution system ($V_{\text{base}} = 12.66\text{ kV}$, $S_{\text{base}} = 10\text{ MVA}$), active and reactive power flows on branch $e = (u \rightarrow v)$ are solved iteratively: $$P_{uv} = P_v^{\text{net}} + \sum_{w \in \text{child}(v)} P_{vw} + R_{uv}\frac{P_{uv}^2 + Q_{uv}^2}{|V_v|^2}, \quad Q_{uv} = Q_v^{\text{net}} + \sum_{w \in \text{child}(v)} Q_{vw} + X_{uv}\frac{P_{uv}^2 + Q_{uv}^2}{|V_v|^2}$$ $$|V_v|^2 = |V_u|^2 - 2(R_{uv}P_{uv} + X_{uv}Q_{uv}) + (R_{uv}^2 + X_{uv}^2)\frac{P_{uv}^2 + Q_{uv}^2}{|V_u|^2}$$

2.2 Locational Marginal Emissions ($\text{LME}_{i,t}$)

Clean generation or storage discharge injected at bus $i$ reduces upstream $I^2R$ resistive losses along the unique radial path $\mathcal{P}(1 \rightarrow i)$ from the substation slack bus (Bus 1): $$\text{MLF}{i,t} = \frac{\partial P{\text{loss},t}}{\partial P_{i,t}} = \sum_{e \in \mathcal{P}(1 \rightarrow i)} \frac{2 P_{e,t} R_e}{|V_{e,t}|^2}, \qquad \text{LME}{i,t} = \text{MEF}{\text{grid},t} \cdot \left(1 + \text{MLF}_{i,t}\right)$$

2.3 IEEE Std C57.91-2011 Transformer Insulation Aging (src/lib/physics/transformerThermal.ts)

Given load ratio $K_t = S_t / S_{\text{rated}}$ and loss ratio $R = P_{\text{LL}} / P_{\text{NL}}$: $$\Delta \Theta_{TO}(t) = \Delta \Theta_{TO,R} \left(\frac{K_t^2 R + 1}{R + 1}\right)^n, \quad \Delta \Theta_H(t) = \Delta \Theta_{H,R} K_t^{2m}, \quad \Theta_H(t) = \Theta_A(t) + \Delta \Theta_{\text{rad}}(t) + \Delta \Theta_{TO}(t) + \Delta \Theta_H(t)$$ The Arrhenius Aging Acceleration Factor ($F_{AA}$) relative to $110^\circ\text{C}$ ($383\text{ K}$) thermally upgraded cellulose insulation is: $$F_{AA}(t) = \exp\left(\frac{15000}{383} - \frac{15000}{\Theta_H(t) + 273}\right)$$

2.4 Solar PV Cell Temperature Derating & EV Li-Ion Arrhenius Stress

$$T_{\text{cell}}(t) = \Theta_A(t) + \frac{\text{NOCT} - 20}{800} G(t), \qquad P_{\text{PV}}(t) = P_{\text{STC}} \frac{G(t)}{1000}\left[1 + \gamma_{\text{PV}}\left(T_{\text{cell}}(t) - 25\right)\right]$$ where $\gamma_{\text{PV}} = -0.0042\text{ }^\circ\text{C}^{-1}$.

3. Smart Contract Specification (contracts/GridVaneSettlement.sol)

  • Language: Solidity ^0.8.24
  • Standards Implemented:
    1. IEEE P3271.01 Recurring DLT Transactions: openRecurringChannel, settleRecurringEpoch, and triggerAutonomousFailover.
    2. Kirchhoff On-Chain Residual Gate: Reverts with KirchhoffPhysicsViolation if kirchhoffMaxResidualWatts > 2500.
    3. Post-Quantum & Privacy Root Verification: Requires non-zero mlDsa65BatchRoot (NIST FIPS 204) and ppPqbPrivacyCommitmentRoot.
    4. Triple-Silo Atomic Lock: claimAndLockAcrossAllSilos(batchId, targetRegime, externalRegistryReference) permanently locks a certificate batch across VCM, I-REC, and EU CBAM / TSRS / Paris Agreement Article 6.2 ITMOs.