diff --git a/node/rustchain_sync.py b/node/rustchain_sync.py
index 265f8cfd0..6df0518ef 100644
--- a/node/rustchain_sync.py
+++ b/node/rustchain_sync.py
@@ -2,17 +2,45 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 # Author: @createkr (RayBot AI)
 # BCOS-Tier: L1
-import sqlite3
 import hashlib
 import json
-import time
 import logging
-from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional
+import sqlite3
+import time
+from copy import deepcopy
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Protocol
 
 
-class RustChainSyncManager:
+class StateProvider(Protocol):
+    """Swappable source of syncable RustChain state."""
+
+    def get_available_sync_tables(self) -> List[str]:
+        ...
+
+    def calculate_table_hash(self, table_name: str) -> str:
+        ...
+
+    def get_merkle_root(self) -> str:
+        ...
+
+    def get_primary_key(self, table_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        ...
+
+    def get_table_data(
+        self, table_name: str, limit: int = 200, offset: int = 0
+    ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        ...
+
+    def apply_sync_payload(self, table_name: str, remote_data: List[Dict[str, Any]]):
+        ...
+
+    def get_count(self, table_name: str) -> int:
+        ...
+
+
+class SQLiteStateProvider:
     """
-    Handles bidirectional SQLite synchronization between RustChain nodes.
+    SQLite-backed sync state provider.
 
     Security model:
     - Table names are allowlisted
@@ -30,11 +58,9 @@ class RustChainSyncManager:
         "transaction_history",
     ]
 
-    def __init__(self, db_path: str, admin_key: str):
+    def __init__(self, db_path: str, logger: Optional[logging.Logger] = None):
         self.db_path = db_path
-        self.admin_key = admin_key
-        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
-        self.logger = logging.getLogger("RustChainSync")
+        self.logger = logger or logging.getLogger("RustChainSync")
         self._schema_cache: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
 
     def _get_connection(self):
@@ -128,7 +154,7 @@ def get_merkle_root(self) -> str:
         combined = "".join(table_hashes)
         return hashlib.sha256(combined.encode()).hexdigest()
 
-    def _get_primary_key(self, table_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    def get_primary_key(self, table_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
         schema = self._load_table_schema(table_name)
         if not schema:
             return None
@@ -270,6 +296,222 @@ def apply_sync_payload(self, table_name: str, remote_data: List[Dict[str, Any]])
         finally:
             conn.close()
 
+    def get_count(self, table_name: str) -> int:
+        if table_name not in self.SYNC_TABLES:
+            return 0
+        conn = self._get_connection()
+        try:
+            cursor = conn.cursor()
+            cursor.execute(f"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {table_name}")
+            count = cursor.fetchone()[0]
+            return int(count)
+        finally:
+            conn.close()
+
+
+class InMemoryStateProvider:
+    """Small in-memory provider for tests and embedded callers."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        tables: Optional[Dict[str, List[Dict[str, Any]]]] = None,
+        primary_keys: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    ):
+        self.tables = deepcopy(tables or {})
+        self.primary_keys = dict(primary_keys or {})
+
+    def get_available_sync_tables(self) -> List[str]:
+        return [name for name in self.tables if self.primary_keys.get(name)]
+
+    def calculate_table_hash(self, table_name: str) -> str:
+        if table_name not in self.get_available_sync_tables():
+            return ""
+
+        pk = self.primary_keys[table_name]
+        rows = sorted(self.tables.get(table_name, []), key=lambda row: row.get(pk))
+        hasher = hashlib.sha256()
+        for row in rows:
+            row_str = json.dumps(row, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"))
+            hasher.update(row_str.encode())
+        return hasher.hexdigest()
+
+    def get_merkle_root(self) -> str:
+        combined = "".join(
+            self.calculate_table_hash(table)
+            for table in self.get_available_sync_tables()
+        )
+        return hashlib.sha256(combined.encode()).hexdigest()
+
+    def get_primary_key(self, table_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self.primary_keys.get(table_name)
+
+    def get_table_data(
+        self, table_name: str, limit: int = 200, offset: int = 0
+    ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        if table_name not in self.get_available_sync_tables():
+            return []
+        rows = self.tables.get(table_name, [])
+        return deepcopy(rows[int(offset): int(offset) + int(limit)])
+
+    def apply_sync_payload(self, table_name: str, remote_data: List[Dict[str, Any]]):
+        pk = self.primary_keys.get(table_name)
+        if not pk or table_name not in self.tables:
+            return False
+
+        rows_by_pk = {row.get(pk): dict(row) for row in self.tables[table_name]}
+        for row in remote_data:
+            if not isinstance(row, dict) or pk not in row:
+                continue
+            existing = rows_by_pk.get(row[pk], {})
+            existing.update(row)
+            rows_by_pk[row[pk]] = existing
+        self.tables[table_name] = list(rows_by_pk.values())
+        return True
+
+    def get_count(self, table_name: str) -> int:
+        if table_name not in self.get_available_sync_tables():
+            return 0
+        return len(self.tables.get(table_name, []))
+
+
+class FallbackStateProvider:
+    """Try multiple providers in order so callers can swap state sources safely."""
+
+    def __init__(self, providers: List[StateProvider]):
+        if not providers:
+            raise ValueError("at least one state provider is required")
+        self.providers = providers
+
+    def _first_table_provider(self, table_name: str) -> Optional[StateProvider]:
+        for provider in self.providers:
+            try:
+                if table_name in provider.get_available_sync_tables():
+                    return provider
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+        return None
+
+    def _table_providers(self, table_name: str) -> List[StateProvider]:
+        providers: List[StateProvider] = []
+        for provider in self.providers:
+            try:
+                if table_name in provider.get_available_sync_tables():
+                    providers.append(provider)
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+        return providers
+
+    def get_available_sync_tables(self) -> List[str]:
+        tables: List[str] = []
+        for provider in self.providers:
+            try:
+                for table in provider.get_available_sync_tables():
+                    if table not in tables:
+                        tables.append(table)
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+        return tables
+
+    def calculate_table_hash(self, table_name: str) -> str:
+        for provider in self._table_providers(table_name):
+            try:
+                return provider.calculate_table_hash(table_name)
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+        return ""
+
+    def get_merkle_root(self) -> str:
+        combined = "".join(
+            self.calculate_table_hash(table)
+            for table in self.get_available_sync_tables()
+        )
+        return hashlib.sha256(combined.encode()).hexdigest()
+
+    def get_primary_key(self, table_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        for provider in self._table_providers(table_name):
+            try:
+                primary_key = provider.get_primary_key(table_name)
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+            if primary_key:
+                return primary_key
+        return None
+
+    def get_table_data(
+        self, table_name: str, limit: int = 200, offset: int = 0
+    ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        for provider in self._table_providers(table_name):
+            try:
+                return provider.get_table_data(table_name, limit, offset)
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+        return []
+
+    def apply_sync_payload(self, table_name: str, remote_data: List[Dict[str, Any]]):
+        for provider in self._table_providers(table_name):
+            try:
+                if provider.apply_sync_payload(table_name, remote_data):
+                    return True
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+        return False
+
+    def get_count(self, table_name: str) -> int:
+        for provider in self._table_providers(table_name):
+            try:
+                return provider.get_count(table_name)
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+        return 0
+
+
+class RustChainSyncManager:
+    """Handles bidirectional synchronization through a swappable state provider."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        db_path: str,
+        admin_key: str,
+        state_provider: Optional[StateProvider] = None,
+    ):
+        self.db_path = db_path
+        self.admin_key = admin_key
+        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger("RustChainSync")
+        self.state_provider = state_provider or SQLiteStateProvider(
+            db_path,
+            logger=self.logger,
+        )
+        # Backward-compatible access for older tests that clear the SQLite schema cache.
+        self._schema_cache = getattr(self.state_provider, "_schema_cache", {})
+
+    @property
+    def SYNC_TABLES(self) -> List[str]:
+        return self.get_available_sync_tables()
+
+    def get_available_sync_tables(self) -> List[str]:
+        return self.state_provider.get_available_sync_tables()
+
+    def calculate_table_hash(self, table_name: str) -> str:
+        return self.state_provider.calculate_table_hash(table_name)
+
+    def get_merkle_root(self) -> str:
+        return self.state_provider.get_merkle_root()
+
+    def _get_primary_key(self, table_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self.state_provider.get_primary_key(table_name)
+
+    def get_table_data(
+        self, table_name: str, limit: int = 200, offset: int = 0
+    ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        return self.state_provider.get_table_data(table_name, limit, offset)
+
+    def apply_sync_payload(self, table_name: str, remote_data: List[Dict[str, Any]]):
+        return self.state_provider.apply_sync_payload(table_name, remote_data)
+
+    def _get_count(self, table_name: str) -> int:
+        return self.state_provider.get_count(table_name)
+
     def get_sync_status(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """Returns metadata about the current state of synced tables."""
         tables = self.SYNC_TABLES
@@ -286,15 +528,3 @@ def get_sync_status(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
                 "pk": self._get_primary_key(t),
             }
         return status
-
-    def _get_count(self, table_name: str) -> int:
-        if table_name not in self.SYNC_TABLES:
-            return 0
-        conn = self._get_connection()
-        try:
-            cursor = conn.cursor()
-            cursor.execute(f"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {table_name}")
-            count = cursor.fetchone()[0]
-            return int(count)
-        finally:
-            conn.close()
diff --git a/node/tests/test_state_provider_api.py b/node/tests/test_state_provider_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a580e4ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node/tests/test_state_provider_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+import os
+import sqlite3
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
+
+from rustchain_sync import (
+    FallbackStateProvider,
+    InMemoryStateProvider,
+    RustChainSyncManager,
+    SQLiteStateProvider,
+)
+
+
+def test_sync_manager_accepts_injected_state_provider():
+    provider = InMemoryStateProvider(
+        tables={
+            "miner_attest_recent": [
+                {"miner_id": "miner-a", "last_attest": 10},
+            ],
+        },
+        primary_keys={"miner_attest_recent": "miner_id"},
+    )
+    sync = RustChainSyncManager(":memory:", "sync-secret", state_provider=provider)
+
+    assert sync.SYNC_TABLES == ["miner_attest_recent"]
+    assert sync.get_table_data("miner_attest_recent") == [
+        {"miner_id": "miner-a", "last_attest": 10},
+    ]
+    assert sync.get_sync_status()["tables"]["miner_attest_recent"]["count"] == 1
+
+
+def test_fallback_state_provider_uses_secondary_when_primary_fails():
+    class BrokenProvider:
+        def get_available_sync_tables(self):
+            raise RuntimeError("primary unavailable")
+
+        def calculate_table_hash(self, table_name):
+            raise RuntimeError("primary unavailable")
+
+        def get_merkle_root(self):
+            raise RuntimeError("primary unavailable")
+
+        def get_primary_key(self, table_name):
+            raise RuntimeError("primary unavailable")
+
+        def get_table_data(self, table_name, limit=200, offset=0):
+            raise RuntimeError("primary unavailable")
+
+        def apply_sync_payload(self, table_name, remote_data):
+            raise RuntimeError("primary unavailable")
+
+        def get_count(self, table_name):
+            raise RuntimeError("primary unavailable")
+
+    secondary = InMemoryStateProvider(
+        tables={"epoch_rewards": [{"epoch": 7, "reward": 100}]},
+        primary_keys={"epoch_rewards": "epoch"},
+    )
+    provider = FallbackStateProvider([BrokenProvider(), secondary])
+
+    assert provider.get_available_sync_tables() == ["epoch_rewards"]
+    assert provider.get_primary_key("epoch_rewards") == "epoch"
+    assert provider.get_table_data("epoch_rewards") == [
+        {"epoch": 7, "reward": 100},
+    ]
+    assert provider.get_count("epoch_rewards") == 1
+
+
+def test_fallback_state_provider_tries_secondary_when_advertised_table_operation_fails():
+    class AdvertisesButFails:
+        def get_available_sync_tables(self):
+            return ["epoch_rewards"]
+
+        def calculate_table_hash(self, table_name):
+            raise RuntimeError("hash failed")
+
+        def get_merkle_root(self):
+            raise RuntimeError("root failed")
+
+        def get_primary_key(self, table_name):
+            raise RuntimeError("pk failed")
+
+        def get_table_data(self, table_name, limit=200, offset=0):
+            raise RuntimeError("data failed")
+
+        def apply_sync_payload(self, table_name, remote_data):
+            raise RuntimeError("apply failed")
+
+        def get_count(self, table_name):
+            raise RuntimeError("count failed")
+
+    secondary = InMemoryStateProvider(
+        tables={"epoch_rewards": [{"epoch": 7, "reward": 100}]},
+        primary_keys={"epoch_rewards": "epoch"},
+    )
+    provider = FallbackStateProvider([AdvertisesButFails(), secondary])
+
+    assert provider.get_primary_key("epoch_rewards") == "epoch"
+    assert provider.get_table_data("epoch_rewards") == [
+        {"epoch": 7, "reward": 100},
+    ]
+    assert provider.get_count("epoch_rewards") == 1
+    assert provider.calculate_table_hash("epoch_rewards") == secondary.calculate_table_hash(
+        "epoch_rewards"
+    )
+
+    assert provider.apply_sync_payload(
+        "epoch_rewards",
+        [{"epoch": 7, "reward": 120}],
+    )
+    assert provider.get_table_data("epoch_rewards") == [
+        {"epoch": 7, "reward": 120},
+    ]
+
+
+def test_default_sqlite_provider_preserves_existing_sync_behavior(tmp_path):
+    db_path = tmp_path / "rustchain.db"
+    with sqlite3.connect(db_path) as conn:
+        conn.execute(
+            """
+            CREATE TABLE miner_attest_recent (
+                miner_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+                last_attest INTEGER NOT NULL
+            )
+            """
+        )
+        conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO miner_attest_recent (miner_id, last_attest) VALUES (?, ?)",
+            ("miner-a", 10),
+        )
+        conn.commit()
+
+    sync = RustChainSyncManager(str(db_path), "sync-secret")
+
+    assert isinstance(sync.state_provider, SQLiteStateProvider)
+    assert sync.get_available_sync_tables() == ["miner_attest_recent"]
+    assert sync.get_table_data("miner_attest_recent") == [
+        {"miner_id": "miner-a", "last_attest": 10},
+    ]
+
+    assert sync.apply_sync_payload(
+        "miner_attest_recent",
+        [{"miner_id": "miner-a", "last_attest": 5}],
+    )
+    assert sync.get_table_data("miner_attest_recent") == [
+        {"miner_id": "miner-a", "last_attest": 10},
+    ]
+
+    assert sync.apply_sync_payload(
+        "miner_attest_recent",
+        [{"miner_id": "miner-a", "last_attest": 12}],
+    )
+    assert sync.get_table_data("miner_attest_recent") == [
+        {"miner_id": "miner-a", "last_attest": 12},
+    ]