diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 939311f..ce28178 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -339,18 +339,18 @@ try {
 - Use the [parseRejected][api-reference] option to throw a custom error instead.
 - Use the [reject][api-reference] option to decide **when** to throw.
 
-#### 👉 ValidationError
+#### 👉 ResponseValidationError
 
 Raised when schema validation fails. \
-Use `isValidationError` to identify this error type.
+Use `isResponseValidationError` to identify this error type.
 
 ```ts
-import { isValidationError } from 'up-fetch'
+import { isResponseValidationError } from 'up-fetch'
 
 try {
    await upfetch('/todos/1', { schema: todoSchema })
 } catch (error) {
-   if (isValidationError(error)) {
+   if (isResponseValidationError(error)) {
       console.log(error.issues)
    }
 }
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ const upfetch = up(fetch, () => ({
       // custom error message
       const message = `Request failed with status ${status}: ${JSON.stringify(data)}`
       // you can return a custom error class as well
-      return new ResponseError({ message, data, request, response })
+      return new ResponseError({ message, status, data })
    },
 }))
 ```
@@ -725,9 +725,9 @@ Options:
 
 Checks if the error is a `ResponseError`.
 
-### <samp>isValidationError(error)</samp>
+### <samp>isResponseValidationError(error)</samp>
 
-Checks if the error is a `ValidationError`.
+Checks if the error is a `ResponseValidationError`.
 
 ### <samp>isJsonifiable(value)</samp>
 
diff --git a/README_ZH.md b/README_ZH.md
index 76f7bed..924ab7f 100644
--- a/README_ZH.md
+++ b/README_ZH.md
@@ -335,18 +335,18 @@ try {
 - 使用 [parseRejected][api-reference] 选项抛出自定义错误。
 - 使用 [reject][api-reference] 选项决定**何时**抛出错误。
 
-#### 👉 <samp>ValidationError</samp>
+#### 👉 <samp>ResponseValidationError</samp>
 
 当模式验证失败时抛出。\
-使用 `isValidationError` 识别此错误类型。
+使用 `isResponseValidationError` 识别此错误类型。
 
 ```ts
-import { isValidationError } from 'up-fetch'
+import { isResponseValidationError } from 'up-fetch'
 
 try {
    await upfetch('/todos/1', { schema: todoSchema })
 } catch (error) {
-   if (isValidationError(error)) {
+   if (isResponseValidationError(error)) {
       console.log(error.issues)
    }
 }
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ const upfetch = up(fetch, () => ({
       // 自定义错误消息
       const message = `Request failed with status ${status}: ${JSON.stringify(data)}`
       // 你也可以返回自定义错误类
-      return new ResponseError({ message, data, request, response })
+      return new ResponseError({ message, status, data })
    },
 }))
 ```
@@ -719,9 +719,9 @@ function upfetch(
 
 检查错误是否为 `ResponseError`。
 
-### <samp>isValidationError(error)</samp>
+### <samp>isResponseValidationError(error)</samp>
 
-检查错误是否为 `ValidationError`。
+检查错误是否为 `ResponseValidationError`。
 
 ### <samp>isJsonifiable(value)</samp>
 
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 2a2ce3d..ecffbe6 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
    "name": "up-fetch",
-   "version": "2.5.1-beta.1",
+   "version": "2.5.1",
    "lockfileVersion": 3,
    "requires": true,
    "packages": {
       "": {
          "name": "up-fetch",
-         "version": "2.5.1-beta.1",
+         "version": "2.5.1",
          "license": "MIT",
          "devDependencies": {
             "@biomejs/biome": "^2.2.5",
diff --git a/src/fallback-options.ts b/src/fallback-options.ts
index 90afa12..bbd11ae 100644
--- a/src/fallback-options.ts
+++ b/src/fallback-options.ts
@@ -13,9 +13,8 @@ export const fallbackOptions: FallbackOptions = {
    parseRejected: async (response, request) =>
       new ResponseError({
          message: `[${response.status}] ${response.statusText}`,
+         status: response.status,
          data: await fallbackOptions.parseResponse(response, request),
-         response,
-         request,
       }),
 
    // TODO: find a lighter way to do this with about the same amount of code
diff --git a/src/index.ts b/src/index.ts
index 5be388e..f00b4e2 100644
--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@@ -10,4 +10,15 @@ export type {
 } from './types'
 export { up } from './up'
 export { isJsonifiable } from './utils'
-export { isValidationError, ValidationError } from './validation-error'
+export {
+   isResponseValidationError,
+   /**
+    * @deprecated Use `isResponseValidationError` instead.
+    */
+   isResponseValidationError as isValidationError,
+   ResponseValidationError,
+   /**
+    * @deprecated Use `ResponseValidationError` instead.
+    */
+   ResponseValidationError as ValidationError,
+} from './validation-error'
diff --git a/src/response-error.ts b/src/response-error.ts
index c476b51..58b6180 100644
--- a/src/response-error.ts
+++ b/src/response-error.ts
@@ -1,25 +1,17 @@
 export class ResponseError<TData = any> extends Error {
-   response: Response
-   request: Request
    data: TData
    status: number
+   kind: 'response'
 
-   constructor(props: {
-      message: string
-      response: Response
-      data: TData
-      request: Request
-   }) {
-      // super(`[${response.status}] ${response.statusText}`)
+   constructor(props: { message: string; status: number; data: TData }) {
       super(props.message)
-      this.name = 'ResponseError'
-      this.response = props.response
-      this.request = props.request
+      this.kind = 'response'
       this.data = props.data
-      this.status = props.response.status
+      this.status = props.status
    }
 }
 
 export const isResponseError = <TData = any>(
    error: unknown,
-): error is ResponseError<TData> => error instanceof ResponseError
+): error is ResponseError<TData> =>
+   typeof error === 'object' && (error as ResponseError)?.kind === 'response'
diff --git a/src/tests/dist.spec.ts b/src/tests/dist.spec.ts
index cbed543..9d9aef4 100644
--- a/src/tests/dist.spec.ts
+++ b/src/tests/dist.spec.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
-import { expectTypeOf, test } from 'vitest'
+import { expect, expectTypeOf, test } from 'vitest'
 import { z } from 'zod'
-import { up } from '../../dist'
+import {
+   isResponseValidationError,
+   isValidationError,
+   ResponseValidationError,
+   up,
+   ValidationError,
+} from '../../dist'
 
 /**
  * testing the build output with `declaration: true` in tsconfig.json
@@ -26,3 +32,14 @@ test('type inference should still work after the build', () => {
 
    noop(testCase)
 })
+
+test('legacy validation error exports should remain available after the build', () => {
+   expect(ValidationError).toBe(ResponseValidationError)
+   expect(isValidationError).toBe(isResponseValidationError)
+   expectTypeOf<typeof ValidationError>().toEqualTypeOf<
+      typeof ResponseValidationError
+   >()
+   expectTypeOf<typeof isValidationError>().toEqualTypeOf<
+      typeof isResponseValidationError
+   >()
+})
diff --git a/src/tests/fallback-options.spec.ts b/src/tests/fallback-options.spec.ts
index e8f22a9..2eeae89 100644
--- a/src/tests/fallback-options.spec.ts
+++ b/src/tests/fallback-options.spec.ts
@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@ describe('parseRejected', () => {
       )
       expect(responseError instanceof ResponseError).toBeTruthy()
       expect(responseError.data).toStrictEqual(output)
-      expect(responseError.response).toStrictEqual(response)
-      expect(responseError.request).toBe(request)
-      expect(responseError.name).toStrictEqual('ResponseError')
+      expect(responseError.status).toStrictEqual(200)
+      expect(responseError.kind).toStrictEqual('response')
    })
 })
diff --git a/src/tests/on-error.spec.ts b/src/tests/on-error.spec.ts
index 1947c23..e2e144e 100644
--- a/src/tests/on-error.spec.ts
+++ b/src/tests/on-error.spec.ts
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ import {
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import {
    isResponseError,
-   isValidationError,
+   isResponseValidationError,
    type ResponseError,
+   type ResponseValidationError,
    up,
-   type ValidationError,
 } from '..'
 
 const server = setupServer()
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ describe('onError', () => {
       const upfetch = up(fetch, () => ({
          baseUrl: baseUrl,
          onError(error, request) {
-            if (isValidationError(error)) {
+            if (isResponseValidationError(error)) {
                exec++
-               expectTypeOf(error).toEqualTypeOf<ValidationError>()
+               expectTypeOf(error).toEqualTypeOf<ResponseValidationError>()
             }
          },
       }))
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ describe('onError', () => {
       await upfetch('', {
          schema: z.object({ hello: z.number() }),
          onError(error, request) {
-            if (isValidationError(error)) {
+            if (isResponseValidationError(error)) {
                exec++
-               expectTypeOf(error).toEqualTypeOf<ValidationError>()
+               expectTypeOf(error).toEqualTypeOf<ResponseValidationError>()
             }
          },
       }).catch(() => {})
diff --git a/src/utils.ts b/src/utils.ts
index 461b1a6..7ded1f0 100644
--- a/src/utils.ts
+++ b/src/utils.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import type {
    Params,
    SerializeParams,
 } from './types'
-import { ValidationError } from './validation-error'
+import { ResponseValidationError } from './validation-error'
 
 export const mergeHeaders = (
    headerInits: (HeadersInit | HeadersObject | undefined)[],
@@ -112,6 +112,6 @@ export async function validate<TSchema extends StandardSchemaV1>(
    data: StandardSchemaV1.InferInput<TSchema>,
 ): Promise<StandardSchemaV1.InferOutput<TSchema>> {
    const result = await schema['~standard'].validate(data)
-   if (result.issues) throw new ValidationError(result, data)
+   if (result.issues) throw new ResponseValidationError(result, data)
    return result.value
 }
diff --git a/src/validation-error.ts b/src/validation-error.ts
index d62e67c..cb8bd1a 100644
--- a/src/validation-error.ts
+++ b/src/validation-error.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 import type { StandardSchemaV1 } from '@standard-schema/spec'
 
-export class ValidationError<TData = any> extends Error {
-   override name: 'ValidationError'
+export class ResponseValidationError<TData = any> extends Error {
    issues: readonly StandardSchemaV1.Issue[]
+   kind: 'validation'
    data: TData
 
    constructor(result: StandardSchemaV1.FailureResult, data: TData) {
       super(JSON.stringify(result.issues))
-      this.name = 'ValidationError'
+      this.kind = 'validation'
       this.issues = result.issues
       this.data = data
    }
 }
 
-export const isValidationError = (error: unknown): error is ValidationError =>
-   error instanceof ValidationError
+export const isResponseValidationError = (
+   error: unknown,
+): error is ResponseValidationError =>
+   typeof error === 'object' &&
+   (error as ResponseValidationError)?.kind === 'validation'