differences.md

Differences from FiveM

FiveRunner follows FiveM's Windows server and its clients as closely as it can, down to their error messages and their quirks. This page lists where it differs, on purpose or for now.

Scripts

• FiveRunner's scripts of the scheduler, events, function references, exports, NUI and state bags are named as FiveM's, @citizen:/scripting/lua/scheduler.lua, and its promises @citizen:/scripting/lua/deferred.lua, but their lines and frames are not FiveM's. Its other scripts are named after it, such as @fiverunner:/natives.lua.
• NaN prints as -nan and nan, as the C library of FiveRunner's WebAssembly build writes it, where FiveM's MSVC build writes -nan(ind) and nan. This goes for tostring, string.format and f:write.
• Where FiveM throws exceptions with MSVC's texts, such as for convars that std::stof reads, FiveRunner approximates the texts, and the sign of the NaN that std::stof reads.

JavaScript

• Scripts run on QuickJS, where FiveM's run on V8: nothing compiles them, so they run slower, their stacks are QuickJS's, which Error.captureStackTrace gives Error.prepareStackTrace as well as it can, and promises that reject with no handler are not reported, as QuickJS does not tell of them.
• console writes objects as JSON, as util.format and util.inspect do, where Node writes them in its own way.
• Servers get of Node what resources ask of it, on FiveRunner's files and clock, and nothing of the machine: require, which reads the main of a package.json but not its exports, process, whose platform is win32, Buffer, URL, and modules such as fs, path, events, stream, util and crypto, which hashes and signs with MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-2 and encrypts nothing. Streams pass on what they get at once, with no buffers. What reaches the machine, such as http.request, dns.lookup or child_process.spawn, throws, and there is no fetch.
• net.connect reaches only the port of the database of the server, 3306 or the one that mysql_connection_string names, whatever its host, where FiveRunner's database speaks the protocol of MariaDB to the drivers that resources carry, such as mysql2 and mysql, and takes any password. Other ports fail with ECONNREFUSED. All connections of drivers share one of the database, so their transactions are one, and packets of 16 MiB or more do not go through.
• Scripts in C# do not run: FiveRunner skips them, with a diagnosis. So it does with the scripts that asset escrow encrypted, which only FiveM opens, so that the rest of their resources start, and the resources that need them go without.

Console

• Command lines with surrogates encoded in UTF-8 keep a high and a low surrogate as the one character they spell, where FiveM writes them back to UTF-8 one by one.
• The raw lines of commands are text, so bytes that are not UTF-8 do not come back as they were.
• The wildcards of channel filters and convar change listeners follow JavaScript's regular expressions on line breaks, where FiveM uses std::regex.
• A console listener that prints what it hears stops hearing prints after 16 levels, where FiveM recurses until the server crashes.
• KVP lives in memory, not in a database.

Server

• FiveM's built-in variables are all defined, with their types, flags and defaults, but FiveRunner acts on few of them. It runs GTA V only, with no switch to RDR3 by gamename. citizen_dir is not defined, sv_infoVersion stays 0, there is no increase_pool_size, and version reads win32, as FiveRunner follows FiveM's Windows build throughout.
• endpoint_add_tcp and endpoint_add_udp listen nowhere and resolve no names. The first TCP endpoint still sets the primary port.
• There are no system resources, but for FiveRunner's own oxmysql.
• Directories list in the order of NTFS, for scans of resources as for io, whatever order the files of the host have, with upper case as JavaScript has it for each UTF-16 code unit, which can differ from the table of an NTFS volume for a few characters.
• Relative paths of resources use forward slashes, with no doubled slashes.
• Nothing is rate-limited: events, latent events, state bags, commands and HTTP requests.

Players

• GetPlayers lists players in the order they connected.
• NetworkStartSoloTutorialSession puts the player in a tutorial session at once, which NetworkIsInTutorialSession tells, but other players stay in its scope, where GTA V's sessions take them out of its sight.
• Clients have no key bindings, so GetControlInstructionalButton gives the button of no key, an empty string.
• Clients have no voice chat, as FiveRunner has no Mumble server: they connect to none, so the Mumble natives do what FiveM's do unconnected, nothing, and give zero values, and nobody talks.
• Clients download resources at their next tick and start them at the one after. Ping is 0 unless set, and lastSeen moves with the ticks of clients.
• A client that fails to start a resource goes on, with a diagnosis, where FiveM's client stops with "Couldn't start resource".
• A client that leaves resets its resources at its next tick, where FiveM's does once its game session ends. A start that the client had pending for a resource that it removed meanwhile does not happen, where FiveM's race would start a destroyed resource.

Entities

• Only scripts and the keys of players move entities: there is no game to fall or collide in, and no models, so SetEntityCoords puts entities where it is told, without lifting them by the sizes of their models. Players run at 5 metres a second where their keys say, with the north up, as the screens of the dev UI show the world, and sprint at 7, unless their controls are disabled, scripts freeze them or take their control, or NUI has the keyboard. At the wheel of a car, whatever its model, they drive as in an arcade, up to 35 metres a second, once its engine runs, which a driver starts unless scripts turned it off for good, and it rolls on by itself once they let go. Nothing is in their way, and they stay at the heights they have. No other ped moves.
• The ped of the player of a client starts as player_zero at 0, 0, 0, turned to the north, and the handles of the entities of clients come from a pool of their own, so they are not those GTA V would give. Clients calculate the rotations of entities in double precision, then round them to single precision, and take orders of rotations other than 0 to 5 as 2.
• Without OneSync, clients know no other players, where GTA V's sessions have them: GetActivePlayers lists the local player alone, at 0.
• Every model but 0 is in FiveRunner's CD image, and loads at the next tick of a client once a script requests it, which it stays. FiveRunner has no list of the models of GTA V, so IsModelAVehicle and IsModelAPed say true only of the models that scripts created vehicles or peds of, the peds of the default maps of FXServer and the freemode models, and false of others, with a diagnosis, and GetDisplayNameFromVehicleModel gives each model its hash in 8 hexadecimal digits for its name, which scripts such as qbx_core give labels to, and CARNOTFOUND of 0 and of the models that it knows are peds, as GTA V says of what it has no vehicle of. Vehicles that clients create are automobiles, whatever their models, so no ped is in a helicopter or a plane, and get plates of two digits, three letters and three digits, as GTA V gives them, which each client draws from a minstd_rand seeded with 1, where GTA V draws them at random. Plates are as scripts set them, cut to 8 characters.
• So it is with the other assets that clients stream in, anim dicts, anim sets, clip sets, streamed texture dicts, named particle effect assets and weapon assets: every one but those of no name or of hash 0 exists, and loads at the next tick once a script requests it, which it stays. The interior placements of the map that are active are those that scripts requested, so IsIplActive says false of those that GTA V loads of its own.
• Peds get into vehicles and out of them at once, as scripts seat them, so no ped is getting into one, and vehicles have as many seats as scripts fill: -2 seats a ped in the first seat of passengers that no ped has. A ped seated where another sits takes its place, SetEntityCoords takes peds out of their vehicles, and the peds in a vehicle go where it goes. Clients sync the seats of peds in networked vehicles, which servers seat them in as FiveM's do. TaskEnterVehicle seats peds at once, as TaskTurnPedToFaceCoord and TaskTurnPedToFaceEntity turn them. Other tasks that move peds do nothing, with a diagnosis.
• Vehicles keep what scripts set of them, which they read back: their colours, mods, liveries, extras, tints and wheels, the health of their engines, bodies and tanks, their fuel, oil and dirt, and their doors, windows, tyres, lights, sirens and alarms. Nothing wears them. FiveRunner has no models to read their defaults from, so vehicles start as stock cars do, of colour 0, whole and clean, with 65 of fuel, and have 10 mods of each type to pick from, no liveries, the extras that scripts set, 4 seats, 6 doors, and class 0. Mods need a mod kit, as in GTA V, which FiveRunner diagnoses. Clients sync none of this, so their servers and other clients do not see it.
• Entities attached to others go where those go, at their offsets, without turning with them. Every entity has every bone, where it is, as there are no models, so GetEntityBoneIndexByName finds them all. Shape tests hit nothing, as nothing has a shape, and GetGroundZFor_3dCoord finds the ground at the height that it is asked of, as there is no map.
• Random numbers come from a minstd_rand that starts the same on each client on every run, so tests give the same results, where GTA V seeds its generators with the time. SetRandomSeed seeds it.
• Entities have the health that scripts give them: peds start with 200, as the players of GTA V do, whatever their models, and vehicles and objects with 1000. Nothing damages them: peds are dead once scripts set their health below 100, the fatally injured threshold that GTA V gives every ped by default, and vehicles and objects once it is 0 or less, until scripts resurrect them with all their health. Dead peds stay where they are, and fall down nowhere.
• Blips are as scripts set them, and go with the entities they follow and with the resources whose scripts created them, but the map of the game has none of its own, such as that of the player. They start with sprite 1, or 9 around coordinates, colour 0 and full alpha, whatever GTA V would give them. Their handles come from a pool of their own, GetFirstBlipInfoId and GetNextBlipInfoId go through them in the order they were created, and the waypoint is at a height of 0.
• The keys of the keyboard press the controls of GTA V as GTA V binds them by default, for the keys and controls that FiveRunner knows of, and the mouse presses none. Players cannot bind keys otherwise: RegisterKeyMapping binds commands to the keys that resources give, of the keyboard mapper alone, which the inspector of the dev UI lists, and GetControlInstructionalButton shows no key.
• Text commands know the labels that AddTextEntry adds, and STRING and TWOSTRINGS of GTA V's, which their components fill in the order they were added, ~a~ and ~1~ alike. GetLabelText knows SANAND too, the zone of all San Andreas. Other labels of GTA V are NULL, as GetLabelText gives for those that it does not have.
• There is no population to take away the entities that scripts no longer need, nor those of resources that stop, which stay, but as mission entities of no script. So SetRoutingBucketPopulationEnabled does nothing, relaxed entity lockdown keeps from clients what strict lockdown does, and no_dummy keeps nothing, as there are no dummy objects either.
• The screens of clients start faded in, and fade in the time of their clients, at the pace that the durations of fades set, from where they are when scripts fade them, which the screens of players in the dev UI show, and nothing in tests. Collision is loaded around every entity, as there is none.
• The natives of what the games of clients do that there is no game for, such as the density of the population (SetPedDensityMultiplierThisFrame), the rich presence of Discord (SetDiscordAppId), the HUD, the markers, the rectangles and the cameras of each frame (HideHudComponentThisFrame, DrawMarker, DrawRect, DisplayRadar), the blur of the screen, which fades in and out at once, as the screens of players in the dev UI show it, audio (SetAudioFlag, PlaySoundFrontend), the text on the screen (SetTextFont, EndTextCommandDisplayText), lines and sprites (DrawLine, DrawSprite), the movies of scaleform that scripts call and draw (DrawScaleformMovieFullscreen), particles (StartParticleFxLoopedAtCoord), the gamer tags of players (SetMpGamerTagVisibility), how peds fight and move (SetPedCombatAttributes, SetPedMovementClipset) and the loading screen (ShutdownLoadingScreenNui), do nothing, without a diagnosis, where those that FiveRunner does not implement are diagnosed. Those that give something give what a game with nothing of theirs gives: no pause menu, the aspect ratio of 1920 by 1080, audio scenes, banks and alarms that start, movies of scaleform that load at the next tick, headshots of peds that show nothing, onscreen keyboards that players cancel, no ped that is stunned, ragdolled, in water, swimming or with a parachute, players that used none of their stamina, which GTA V counts up from 0, and that no switch or teleport moves. Peds have the config flags that scripts set, handcuffs among them, flag 120, and none that GTA V sets of its own. GetGameBuildNumber gives the game build that the server enforces.
• Peds look as scripts make them look, which scripts read back: the variations of their components and props, their head overlays, face features, hair, eyes and head blend. New peds have the first variation of every component, no props and no head overlays. FiveRunner has no metadata of the models of GTA V to count their variations by, so it gives the freemode models, mp_m_freemode_01 and mp_f_freemode_01, counts of drawables near those of recent builds of GTA V, of 10 textures each, and other models one drawable of each component, of one texture, and no props, and IsPedMale says only peds of mp_f_freemode_01 are female. Its colours of hair and of makeup are its own, 64 of each, as many as GTA V has. Clients sync none of how peds look, and tattoos are only drawn. SetPlayerModel gives the player a new ped of a model that is loaded, which starts as new peds do, with a handle of its own, but is networked as the old one was.
• Peds play the clips that scripts play on them, of anim dicts that are loaded, as GTA V's play none of others, which FiveRunner diagnoses. They play on the main tasks of peds, or with flag 32 on their secondary ones, and loop or hold their last frames as their flags say, until their durations end, StopAnimTask stops them or clearing the tasks of their peds does, which ClearPedTasksImmediately takes out of their vehicles too. FiveRunner has no clips to know their lengths by, so those that play once, for no set duration, play for a second. Only scripts see them, and clients sync none.
• Peds have the weapons that scripts give them, with the ammunition, components and tints that scripts set, and hold their fists until scripts put a weapon in their hands, which clients sync, as servers read it of the peds whose owners synced them. Nothing shoots, so no ammunition is spent. FiveRunner has no data of the weapons of GTA V, so it does not know their groups or their clips, which it diagnoses, and peds are armed with whatever weapon they hold, for any flags of IsPedArmed.
• The door system of a client has the doors that scripts add to it, where scripts say they are, as FiveRunner has no map of the doors of GTA V, which lock and unlock as scripts set them, at once. Nothing pushes doors, so they are closed but as open as scripts set them, and their physics are always loaded.
• FiveRunner has no map of GTA V, so clients know none of its interiors, which GetInteriorAtCoords and GetInteriorFromEntity say with a diagnosis, and IsInteriorReady says are ready, for the scripts that wait for them, nor its objects, zones or streets: GetClosestObjectOfType finds those of scripts alone, GetNameOfZone gives SANAND, the zone of all San Andreas, everywhere, and GetStreetNameAtCoord finds no street, whose name is empty. The entity sets of interiors are those that scripts activate, and the targets that scripts render to are those that they register, whose render ids count from 2, after that of the default target of scripts, 1. Clients have every DLC of the game build that the server enforces.
• Clients have the cameras that scripts create, which render nothing: of those that are active, the one that became active last renders once scripts render theirs, as in GTA V. Cameras start with a field of view of 50, go where scripts put them at once, and stay there, pointed at nothing and attached to nothing, with no depth of field and no shake. They go with the resources whose scripts created them. The gameplay camera is where the ped of the player is, and looks the way it faces.
• The clocks of clients start at noon, and their weather CLEAR, and they are what scripts set: a client has one clock, which SetClockTime sets as NetworkOverrideClockTime does, which goes on where it is once the override is cleared, and has no dates. There is no cycle of weathers, so weather that does not persist stays, and any name is a type of weather. Rain, snow, wind and the lights of the city are only drawn, so the natives that set them do nothing.
• Servers send each client the entities within 424 metres of the ped of its player, on the ground, as FiveM's culling does by default, and the first client that an entity is near takes it if no client owns it. Owners that are no longer near an entity hand it to the next client near it, and keep it until then if their scripts own it or they did not sync it yet. Players come into the scopes of the clients near them as their entities do. There are no world grids, no culling radii that scripts set, and clients get no control of entities as they ask for it. Servers send what changed as each of their ticks ends, which clients take at their next ticks.
• The entities of clients that drop go with them, where FiveM's server hands those it can to the clients near them.
• The natives of entities, players, peds, weapons, tasks and vehicles that FiveM's server has clients run, such as SetEntityCoords, FreezeEntityPosition, SetPedArmour or SetVehicleNumberPlateText, run on the clients that own the entities, as they do with OneSync, but do nothing there when the clients do not implement them yet, with a diagnosis. Clients take every hash that they are given for a model, which they load before they run the native, as FiveRunner's CD image has every model but 0. Those that create entities, CreateVehicle, CreateObject and CreatePedInsideVehicle, have the client whose ped is the nearest to where the entity goes create it, and those as near as others in the order they joined, where FiveM's server takes them in the order of their addresses in its memory. Those of blips are not implemented on servers yet.
• With OneSync, GetEntityCoords on servers gives what is no entity at 0, 0, 0, or where SetEntityCoords put the entities that clients create for the server until they come, as FiveM's server does, where it gives what its memory holds for the others.
• Clients sync what changed in the entities they network as each of their ticks ends, which their servers take at the start of their next ticks. They write floats as FiveM's server does, truncated to the steps of their bits, where GTA V's clients may round them, and objects sync as vehicles do, by 12 bits in their sectors and quaternions. A client that has no object id left to network an entity with creates nothing, and returns 0 with a diagnosis. Without OneSync, no entity is networked.
• GetGamePool, GetAllVehicles, GetAllPeds and GetAllObjects list entities in the order they were created, where FiveM's server lists them in the order of their addresses in its memory, and its clients in the order of the slots of their pools. So do the searches of FindFirstPed and the others.
• The ticks of the server stand for those of FiveM's sync thread: an entity that a script deletes exists until the next tick, and goes at its end, after entityRemoved, where FiveM's sync thread gets to it a few milliseconds later, whatever the main thread does meanwhile.

Events and state bags

• Latent events arrive by a deadline: the end of the sender's tick, plus the latency in whole milliseconds for each fragment after the first. Nothing is acknowledged or sent again, and pending events have no limit: sv_netEventReassemblyMaxPendingEvents is defined but not enforced.
• The packets of state bags have no size limit, and arrive at the start of the other side's next tick. Clients send what they set of the bags of the entities that they create before their servers took them, the first value of each key, as FiveM's do, but in the order they set them, where FiveM's clients send them in the order of a hash map.

HTTP

• PerformHttpRequest sends requests with fetch by default. Header names come back in lower case, repeated headers are joined but Set-Cookie, GET and HEAD send no body, TLS certificates are verified, which FiveM does not do, requests use HTTP/1.1 only, and curl's error texts are approximated. Browsers also hide redirects. PerformHttpRequestInternal, the JSON variant, is not implemented.
• The HTTP server listens nowhere by itself: embedders hand it requests through HttpServer.request. Of FiveM's own endpoints, only / exists, with no /info.json, /players.json, /dynamic.json, /client, /files/ or /perf/. Requests come whole, so FiveM's loss of chunked bodies sent before setDataHandler does not happen. The server speaks HTTP/1.1 only, leaves Date and Connection to the transport, and writes nothing after a response ends, where FiveM writes past it.

oxmysql

• FiveRunner runs its own oxmysql, in Lua, in place of oxmysql's dist/build.js: the exports of oxmysql 2.14.3, those of mysql-async and ghmattimysql that oxmysql provides, and its lib/MySQL.lua. Servers without an oxmysql resource get FiveRunner's, as citizen/system_resources/oxmysql, once a resource depends on it or a command starts it.
• The database is FiveRunner's own, in memory: SQLite, which runs the SQL of MariaDB 11.4 and fails with its errors, as 11.4.0-MariaDB-FiveRunner. There is one database, named as mysql_connection_string names it, or fiverunner, whatever server the string names. It starts empty, with the tables of the .sql files in the resources directory, those of resources and of categories such as ESX's [SQL], which it runs in the order of their paths, then again the statements that failed, while more of them succeed, as those of a file may need the tables of one that comes after it. It leaves out those that still fail, with a diagnosis, as mysql --force would. Nothing in it outlives the server.
• Triggers, stored procedures and functions, and events fail with error 1235.
• A connection with an open transaction keeps the writes of the others waiting until it ends, as SQLite has one writer, where MariaDB locks only the rows it touches. Their reads and SET run meanwhile, and see what the transaction changed before it commits, where MariaDB's repeatable reads see only what was committed. Writes that wait 50 seconds of the server's clock fail with error 1205, as innodb_lock_wait_timeout has them.
• Queries run at the next tick of the server, one after another in the order they came, where oxmysql's pool runs them at once, and call back as they end. Those that callbacks start run in the same tick, as if each took a millisecond, up to 50 one after another, so the clock of the server does not move between them. mysql_slow_query_warning and mysql_debug time them by the clock of the host.

NUI

• Clients keep the frames of NUI, its focus and its callbacks, but show no pages themselves: embedders show frames, hand the requests of pages to Nui.request and Nui.file, and pass messages on. ui_page_preload changes nothing.
• There is no loading screen, so SendLoadingScreenMessage always fails, as it does in FiveM once the loading screen shut down. There is no DUI: CreateDui and the other DUI natives do nothing, as natives FiveRunner does not implement do.
• Pages get 404 for manifests and for client scripts that no file entry names, where FiveM serves the game's gameconfig.xml in their place.
• Callbacks that answer with what FiveM fails to convert leave their requests unanswered, with a diagnosis, where FiveM throws.
• Requests and files of resources whose names differ only in case go to the one added last, where FiveM's pick follows the order of its hash map of resources.

The dev UI

• Pages run in the browser that shows the dev UI, rather than in FiveM's Chromium, at http://<host>.c<player>.<tab>.fiverunner.localhost:<port>, where FiveM has them at https://cfx-nui-<resource> or nui://<resource>, which location tells pages.
• Browsers have no nui:// scheme, so pages get the files of resources at https://cfx-nui-<resource> in its place, where FiveM's NUI serves them too: those of their documents, of the sources, links and styles of their elements and those that they fetch, but not those of style sheets. Of the files of FiveM's own NUI, at nui://game/ui/, the dev UI has jQuery 2.1.1 alone, as FiveM has it.
• The names of the headers of the requests of pages come capitalized word by word, as in Content-Type, as browsers do not tell service workers their case. Requests carry the Origin of their frames whatever their methods and schemes.
• The messages that scripts send frames wait for their pages to load, where FiveM's reach them at once, as its game takes long enough to start for its pages to have loaded.
• Responses with statuses outside 200 to 599, which browsers do not take, fail their requests.
• Absolute nui:// URLs in pages do not load, and frames in pages at https://cfx-nui- URLs load from the web, which has no such hosts: pages load the files of their own resources by relative URLs.
• Pages at URLs of the web, which ui_page can name, load from the web, as do their requests to resources.
• There is no game view: CfxGameViewRenderer and application/x-cfx-game-view objects are not there.
• As files change, the whole project runs anew, with its players, rather than the resources that changed restarting.

The playground

The playground is the dev UI on a static site, so it differs from it as well:

• Frames share the origin of the page, under frames/, as a static site has one origin, so their pages share their storage, and may reach the page and each other.
• The project is in the memory of the page, where edits stay until it reloads, and nothing watches files: Run starts it anew.
• The HTTP requests of scripts go out with fetch from the page, so sites must allow them with CORS.
• Links to repositories of GitHub, ?gh=owner/repo, run their sources as GitHub has them, which the page reads through GitHub's API, which lets a visitor list 60 repositories an hour without signing in. The directories of a repository that a link reads, such as those of esx_core, count once. Once the hour is used, as on the addresses of VPNs, which many share, the page lists repositories through ungh.cc, a public proxy of GitHub's API, and reads their files from GitHub at the commit that it listed. What only the game reads, in stream/ directories, what is hidden, such as .git and the keys of asset escrow, node_modules and files over 8 MB stay out. So do the sources of pages that repositories build but do not have built: a page that shows nothing takes the place of each, as scripts such as ox_lib's wait for theirs. The pages of ox_lib, ox_inventory and ox_doorlock, which their releases have built, are those of their latest releases, which the playground serves itself, with their licenses and where their sources are, in vendor/ of its site.
• A link to a resource, or to a directory of resources, runs in a server whose server.cfg the playground writes: it starts the resources after those that they need, by their manifests, the scripts of others that they load and what the playground knows of frameworks, with the name of a database for oxmysql, the framework for ox_inventory, the commands that the recipes of txAdmin let QBCore, Qbox, ESX and ox_lib run, and ox:ignoreSecurityAdvisory, as ox_lib's advice on state bags is for servers that players join. A resource whose scripts use the exports of a framework, or of a target such as ox_target, that its manifest does not name needs it too, unless they use those of several, as bridges do, whose configs pick one. ox_inventory runs with Qbox when nothing brings a framework, as it takes ESX's bridge without one, and so do the bridges jim_bridge, which comes with ox_lib, and duff, which start after the framework, and jim_bridge after ox_lib, as they look for them as they start. A resource that needs screenshot-basic gets screencapture, which provides it, as in Qbox's recipe, as screenshot-basic's own repository needs yarn and webpack to build. es_extended comes with the tables of ESX's recipe for txAdmin, [SQL]/legacy.sql, in place of its own es_extended.sql, as the recipe runs only its own, and with skinchanger, as ESX spawns players once it has loaded their skins. qbx_core gets playerskins, the table of skins that it reads as its menu shows characters, which the appearance resource of Qbox's recipe creates, unless a resource of the link creates it. A link to a server runs its own server.cfg, with nothing besides.

os and io (servers)

• Names of local time zones come from Intl, which can differ from Windows' names for %Z.
• os.rdtsc and os.rdtscp read no real time stamp counter: they count 3 ticks for each nanosecond of the steady clock.
• Paths know only the mounts of resources, @name/, and the server's own files: none of FiveM's citizen:/, cache:/, kvs:/ and memory: devices, nor absolute paths of the host.
• Where FiveM reports errno as earlier calls left it, for io.flush, io.tmpfile, failed f:write and f:flush, and failed io.popen, FiveRunner reports 0, "No error".
• f:read with a count above 2^31 - 1 fails with "not enough memory", where FiveM fails or not by what it can allocate.
• Files are shared as FiveM's own handles share them, with no other processes or antivirus locks.

The rest of FiveM's VFS rules, the 64 KiB read-ahead of f:lines, the quirks of f:read, the cutting of files after writes and the 32-bit seeks of SetFilePointer are emulated as FiveM has them.